Version Control with Subversion, 2nd Edition
by C. Michael Pilato, Ben Collins-Sussman, Brian W. Fitzpatrick
Chapter 1. Fundamental Concepts
This chapter is a short, casual introduction to Subversion. If you’re new to version control, this chapter is definitely for you. We begin with a discussion of general version control concepts, work our way into the specific ideas behind Subversion, and show some simple examples of Subversion in use.
Even though the examples in this chapter show people sharing collections of program source code, keep in mind that Subversion can manage any sort of file collection—it’s not limited to helping computer programmers.
The Repository
Subversion is a centralized system for sharing information. At its core is a repository, which is a central store of data. The repository stores information in the form of a filesystem tree—a typical hierarchy of files and directories. Any number of clients connect to the repository and then read or write to these files. By writing data, a client makes the information available to others; by reading data, the client receives information from others. Figure 1-1 illustrates this.

Figure 1-1. A typical client/server system
So, why is this interesting? So far, this sounds like the definition of a typical file server. And indeed, the repository is a kind of file server, but it’s not your usual breed. What makes the Subversion repository special is that it remembers every change ever written to it—every change to every file, and even changes ...