The Origins of HackingThe Enigma Machine, Circa 1930Automated Enigma Code Cracking, Circa 1940Introducing the “Bombe”Telephone “Phreaking,” Circa 1950Anti-Phreaking Technology, Circa 1960The Origins of Computer Hacking, Circa 1980The Rise of the World Wide Web, Circa 2000Hackers in the Modern Era, Circa 2015+Summary