Table of Contents
Font and Character Conventions
1 An Introduction to the X Window System
If X is Being Started Automatically
Starting the First xterm Window
Bringing Up the Window Manager
Starting a Second xterm Window
How a Client Looks and Behaves: Application Defaults
Running a Client on Another Machine
3 Using the twm Window Manager
Shuffling the Window Stack: Raise and Lower
Raising Windows (bringing in front of others)
Lowering Windows (sending behind others)
Removing a Window: Delete and Kill
Button Control of Window Manager Functions
Using twm to Place Other Clients
Some of My Keystrokes are Missing
Copying and Pasting Text Selections
Copying and Pasting between Release 2 and 3 Clients: xcutsel
Saving Multiple Selections: xclipboard (Release 4 Version)
Problems with Large Selections
Editing Text Saved in the xclipboard
Terminal Emulation and the xterm Terminal Type
Running a Program in a Temporary xterm Window
Other Information in the Font Name
Making the Server Aware of Aliases
Utilities for Displaying Information about Fonts
Previewing and Selecting Fonts: xfontsel
Previewing Fonts with the xfontsel Menus
Changing Fonts in xterm Windows
Release 2 versus Subsequent Release Fonts
Font Specification in Release 2
Creating Icons and Other Bitmaps
Acting on the Entire Grid: Clear All, Set All, Invert All
Acting on an Area: Clear Area, Set Area, Invert Area
Copy Area, Move Area, Overlay Area
Drawing: Line, Circle, Filled Circle
Filling in a Shape: Flood Fill
Hot Spots: Set Hot Spot, Clear Hot Spot
Saving and Quitting: Write Output, Quit
Creating a Bitmap from a Cursor
Magnifying Portions of the Screen: xmag
Dynamically Choosing a Different Source Area
Clock Programs: xclock and oclock
A Scientific Calculator: xcalc
Mail Notification Client: xbiff
Monitoring System Load Average: xload
Browsing Reference Pages: xman
Printing Utilities: xwd. xpr, xdpr
Killing a Client Window with xkill
Problems with Killing a Client
Window and Display Information Clients
Displaying Information about a Window: xwininfo
Listing the Window Tree: xlswins
Listing the Currently Running Clients: xlsclients
Generating Information about the Display: xdpyinfo
Dialog Boxes and Command Buttons
Selecting Information for Copying and Pasting
Alternative Release 4 Color Databases
Hexadecimal Color Specification
How Many Colors are Available?
Starting a Client Window as an Icon
Specifying Fonts on the Command Line
Syntax of Toolkit Client Resources
Tight Bindings and Loose Bindings
Precedence Rules for Resource Specification
The Syntax of Event Translations
xterm Translations to Use xclipboard
Specifying Resources from the Command Line
Querying the Resource Database
Loading New Values into the Resource Database
Saving Active Resource Definitions in a File
Listing the Current Resources for a Client: appres
Other Sources of Resource Definition
10 Customizing the twm Window Manager
Executing System Commands from a Menu
xset: Setting Display and Keyboard Preferences
Enabling or Disabling Auto-repeat
Changing or Rehashing the Font Path
xsetroot: Setting Root Window Characteristics
Foreground, Background Color and Reverse Video
Changing the Root Window Pointer
xmodmap: Modifier Key and Pointer Customization
Procedure to Map Modifier Keys
Displaying the Current Modifier Key Map
Detennining the Default Key Mappings
Matching Keysyms with Physical Keys Using xev
Expressions to Change the Key Map
Displaying and Changing the Pointer Map
PART THREE: Client Reference Pages
Including X in Your Search Path
Starting X with the Display Manager, xdm (Release 4)
Getting Started with xdm on a Single Display
Setting Up the Configuration File and Other Special Files
The Xsession File and .xsession Scripts
The xdm-pid File (Release 4 Only)
Security and the authorize Resource (Release 4 Only)
X Terminals and the XDM Control Protocol (Release 4)
Release 3 Special Files and the Config File
Managing Multiple Displays: the Release 3 Xservers File
Release 3 X startup and X reset
An Older Method of Starting X: /etc/ttys
Host-based Access and the xhost Client
User-based Access: xdm and the .Xauthority File (Release 4)
Changing the Color Name Database
C The OSF/Motif Window Manager
Selecting the Window to Receive Input
Manipulating Windows with the mwm Window Frame
Moving a Window: The Title Area
Minimizing (lconifying) and Maximizing a Window
The Window Menu Button: Display a Menu or Close the Window
Manipulating Windows Using the Window Menu
Changing the Window Location: Move
Iconifying the Window: Minimize
Changing to the Maximum Size: Maximize
Moving a Window to the Bottom of the Stack: Lower
Restoring a Maximized Window or an Icon: Restore
Manipulating Icons Using the Window Menu
Activating Changes to the Window Manager
Component Appearance Resources
mwm-Specific Appearance and Behavior Resources
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