Apache Cookbook, 2nd Edition

Conventions Used in This Book

Throughout this book certain stylistic conventions are followed. Once you are accustomed to them, you can easily distinguish between comments, commands you need to type, values you need to supply, and so forth.

In some cases, the typeface of terms in the main text will be different and likewise in code examples. The details of what the different styles (italic, boldface, etc.) mean are described in the following sections.

Programming Conventions

In this book, most case examples of code will be in the form of excerpts from scripts, rather than actual application code. When commands need to be issued at a command-line prompt (such as an xterm for a Unixish system or a DOS command prompt for Windows), they will look something like this:

% find/usr/local -name apachectl -print 
# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl graceful
C:>cd "\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\bin"
C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache\bin>apache -k stop

On Unixish systems, command prompts that begin with # indicate that you need to be logged in as the superuser (root username); if the prompt begins with %, then the command can be used by any user.

Typesetting Conventions

The following typographic conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Used for commands, filenames, abbreviations, citations of books and articles, email addresses, URLs, and Usenet group names.

Bold

Used for labeling menu choices in a graphical interface.

Constant Width

Used for function names, command options, computer output, environment ...