August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
6h 57m
Chinese
Content preview from C++程序设计语言（第4部分：标准库）（原书第4版）
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38.6 缓冲
从概念上看，输出流将字符放入一个缓冲区。随后某刻，字符被写入（“刷到”）其目的地。这种缓冲区被称为streambuf，它定义在<streambuf>中。不同类型的streambuf实现不同类型的缓冲策略。通常，streambuf将字符保存在一个数组中，直至发生溢出，才被迫将字符写到其真正的目的地。因此，我们可图示ostream如下：
ostream的模板实参集必须与其streambuf的模板实参集相同，这些参数决定了字符缓冲区中的字符的类型。
istream的图示与之类似，只是字符流向另一个方向。
在无缓冲I/O这种简单I/O中，streambuf直接传输每个字符，而不是保留它们直至能高效传输为止。
缓冲机制的关键类是basic_streambuf：
照例，标准库提供了一组（一般认为）最常用的别名：
basic_streambuf提供了很多操作。很多public操作只是简单地调用一个protected虚函数，确保来自派生类的函数对特定种类的缓冲恰当地实现此操作：
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