C++ Primer Plus, Fourth Edition

Summary

C++ has expanded C function capabilities. By using the inline keyword with a function definition and by placing that definition ahead of the first call to that function, you suggest to the C++ compiler that it make the function inline. That is, instead of having the program jump to a separate section of code to execute the function, the compiler replaces the function call with the corresponding code inline. An inline facility should be used only when the function is short.

A reference variable is a kind of disguised pointer that lets you create an alias (a second name) for a variable. Reference variables primarily are used as arguments to functions processing structures and class objects.

C++ prototypes enable you to define default values ...