7
Diagnosis, Prognosis and Counseling
7.1 Molecular Profiling of Cancer
7.1.1 Genetics of Cancer
Genomic instability plays a major role in cancer which involves epigenetic alterations and distress in DNA sequences. Mechanism of these alterations gives rise to loss or gain of function of genes that promotes tumor formation. Deletion, translocation, inversion, insertion are mutations that out-turn to be cancerous. Evidences prove that disturbances in DNA methylation and chromatin structure have high reliability to cancer. Genomic hypomethylation and localised hypermethylation results in tumor development. This type of abnormal hypermethylation on CpG-islands leads to reduced transcription and in turn inactivate the tumor suppressor genes. Hypomethylation ...
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