4.1 Cell Cycle4.1.1 Cell Cycle Checkpoints (G1 Checkpoint, G2 Checkpoint and Spindle Checkpoint)4.1.2 Cell Cycle Regulators (Cyclins, Cyclin Dependent Kinases, Maturation Promoting Factor, Anaphase Promoting Factor/Cyclosome, P53 and CDK Inhibitors)4.2 Regulation at the Interphase4.3 Events That Lead to Deregulation of Cell Cycle4.4 Mutations in Genes (Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes)4.5 Faulty DNA Repair Mechanism4.6 Programmed Cell Death – Apoptosis4.7 Dysregulation in Cell Signaling Pathways Leading to Cancer4.7.1 Akt/PKB Signaling4.7.2 The AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling4.7.3 cAMP-dependent Signaling4.7.4 Eph/Ephrin Signaling Pathway4.7.5 Hedgehog Signaling Pathway4.7.6 Hippo Signaling Pathway4.7.7 JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway4.7.8 MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway4.7.9 mTOR Signaling Pathway4.7.10 Nodal Signaling Pathway4.7.11 Notch Signaling Pathway4.7.12 PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway4.7.13 TGF Beta Signaling Pathway4.7.14 TLR Signaling Pathway4.7.15 VEGF Signaling Pathway4.7.16 Wnt Signaling PathwaySuggested Reading