ARP request places the destination hardware address to the frame. Now, the frame is
ready to be sent. Figure 2.7 illustrates the three-step process.
To make the address resolution process more ecient, the host operating system
saves the pair of the IP address and its matching hardware address in a cache. Next
time, if the host needs to resolve a destination IP address to a hardware address, it will
search the cache rst. If there is no match in the cache, then the host will start the
message exchange process.
2.4.4 IP Security
While traveling across a network, packets can be captured by unauthorized individu-
als or hacker
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