
Cyber seCurity fundAmentAls 11
of this type is the Enigma, invented by the German engineer Arthur
Scherbius at the end of World War I.
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e Enigma (see Exhibit 1-4)
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used a series of rotors (see Exhibit 1-5)
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to encrypt each letter typed
into it with a different key. Another user with an enigma machine
could decode the message because their system had the same combi-
nation of encoded rotors.
e Enigma could not perfectly replicate a one-time pad because
any system that does not begin with random input will eventually
reveal a pattern. British mathematicians eventually discovered pat-
terns in Enigma messages, giving them the capability to read ...