164 Cyber seCurity essentiAls
but they range from the service provider creating upstream ACL rules
or black holing source networks via BGP routes, to a systems adminis-
trator replacing a server with a hot spare to mitigate a DoS.
Every day, DoS attacks cause outages across the Internet. e
increase of botnet prevalence and release of application vulner-
abilities make DoS incidents inevitable. DoS conditions spawn
from everything from unintentional actions such as configuration
changes, to intentional motives, to attacks on opposing political
groups or competition, or they can act as a decoy for other malicious
intentions. Regardless of the cause of the outage, careful planning
can reduce the impact of such an outage and minimize the financia ...