Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures

1Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Tale of Healthcare Applications

Aaron Turransky and M. Hadi Amini

Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

1.1 Introduction

In the article by Bryson and Winfield, “Standardizing Ethical Design for Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems” [1], the authors explore several important concepts. One of the most important ones is how they define intelligence. According to the authors, intelligence requires: “The capacity to perceive contexts for action, the capacity to act, and the capacity to associate contexts to actions” [1]. This definition is important because we must be able to compare organic intelligence versus artificial to distinguish artificial intelligence (AI) as a new thought category. The other important concept that they discuss is the standardization of ethics as it applies to AI. According to Bryson and Winfield, standards set by consensus of a large group should include ethical implications and machine learning (ML) code, which powers AI, and should incorporate these ethics. While Bryson and Winfield discuss the importance of these ethical standards, they fail to discuss what these ethics should be, leaving it open to interpretation. In this chapter, this gap will be examined in effort to try to establish some status quo.

Continuing with exploring the ethical dilemma posed by AI technology, in February 2019, the AMA Journal of Ethics published ...