8.1 Interfacing from the point of view of the programmer8.2 Interfacing from the point of view of the processor8.3 Interfacing from the point of view of the interface8.4 Parallel and serial ports8.5 Digital to analogue, and analogue to digital conversion8.6 Polled, interrupt driven and direct memory access (DMA) interfaces8.7 The Texas Instruments TMS320C30 Digital Signal Processor (DSP)8.8 The MIDI interface8.9 PC sound cards8.10 Summary