book

Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance

by Parvaiz Ahmad, Saiema Rasool

May 2014

Intermediate to advanced

544 pages

23h 1m

English

Academic Press

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1.1 Introduction1.2 Major stresses affecting legume crop production1.3 Biotic stresses for legumes1.4 Biotechnological interventions for biotic stress tolerance in legumes1.5 Abiotic stresses in legumes1.6 Biotechnological interventions for abiotic stress tolerance in legumes1.7 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
2.1 Introduction2.2 Plant responses to abiotic stresses2.3 Proteomic analysis of responses to abiotic stresses2.4 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences

3.1 Introduction3.2 Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi3.3 Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil fertility3.4 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and environmental stresses in plants3.5 Ion transport in plants under stress and the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi3.6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mineral nutrition3.7 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
4.1 Introduction4.2 Endophyte diversity4.3 Sustainable use of endophytes and habitat-imposed abiotic stress4.4 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
5.1 Introduction5.2 PGPB-elicited response of plants against biotic stress5.3 PGPB-produced elicitors of ISR against biotic stress5.4 PGPB-elicited plant response against abiotic stress5.5 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
6.1 Introduction6.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant stress tolerance6.3 Adopting arbuscular mycorrhizal plants into metal phytoremediation6.4 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
7.1 Introduction7.2 Salinity and plant pathogens7.3 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria7.4 Biological control7.5 Mechanisms of action of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria7.6 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
8.1 Introduction8.2 Effects of salinity on crop plants8.3 Effects of salinity on fungi8.4 Behavior of saline-adapted fungi8.5 Pathological defense mechanisms under salt stress8.6 Pathological responses of salt-tolerant plants8.7 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentReferences
9.1 Introduction9.2 Major crops and techniques for preventing hazardous stress9.3 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
10.1 Introduction10.2 Sources of heavy metal pollution10.3 Transport and distribution of metal in plants10.4 Heavy metal toxicity in plants10.5 Plant defense systems10.6 Plant growth hormones10.7 Role of plant growth hormones under stress10.8 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
11.1 Introduction11.2 The reactive nitrogen species11.3 Drought stress11.4 Waterlogging stress11.5 High temperature stress11.6 Low temperature stress11.7 Salinity stress11.8 Heavy metal stress11.9 Air pollutants11.10 Exposure to high light conditions11.11 UV-B radiation11.12 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
12.1 Introduction12.2 Chemistry and types of tocopherol12.3 Tocopherol biosynthesis and accumulation in plants12.4 The role of tocopherol in plant growth and physiology12.5 Tocopherol and abiotic stress tolerance12.6 The antioxidative role of tocopherol in plants12.7 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
13.1 Introduction13.2 Strategies for improving crop production in water-deficient agroecosystems13.3 Strategies for improving crop production in (transiently) waterlogged agroecosystems13.4 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
14.1 Introduction14.2 Drought stress in changing environments14.3 Water deficit as a major abiotic factor limiting crop yields14.4 Crop growth and response to water deficits14.5 Osmotic adjustment during drought stress14.6 Methodologies for screening genotypes under drought stress14.7 Key physiological attributes for targeted breeding programs14.8 Precise phenotyping for drought-tolerance attributes14.9 Identification and characterization of drought-related genes and QTLs14.10 Proteomic studies14.11 Breeding approaches for developing drought-tolerant superior germplasm14.12 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
15.1 Introduction15.2 Chlorophyll a fluorescence and the heterogeneity of PSII15.3 Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics15.4 Examples of successful applications of ChlF measurements15.5 Conclusion and future prospectsAbbreviationsReferences
16.1 Introduction16.2 Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stress and tolerance mechanisms16.3 General description of osmolytes16.4 The role of inorganic osmolytes in salinity tolerance16.5 Organic osmolytes in salinity tolerance16.6 Conclusion and future prospectsAcknowledgmentsReferences
17.1 Introduction17.2 Osmoprotectants in plants17.3 Metabolic expression and exogenous application of osmoprotectants under abiotic stresses17.4 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
18.1 Introduction18.2 Aquaporins18.3 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
19.1 Introduction19.2 Contaminants in soil, water, and plants19.3 Phytoremediation: a green technology19.4 Field crops as hyperaccumulators and their potential for phytoremediation19.5 Facilitated phytoextraction in crops19.6 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
20.1 Introduction20.2 Sustainable management systems20.3 Using in situ compost production20.4 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences
21.1 Introduction21.2 Tunisia’s agricultural constraints21.3 The impact of climate change on wheat production in Tunisia’s semiarid region21.4 Climatic change parameters that influence evapotranspiration in central Tunisia’s coastal region21.5 Conclusion and future prospectsReferences

Content preview from Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance

Chapter 6

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Metal Phytoremediation

Ecophysiological Complementarity in Relation to Environmental Stress

Patrick Audet

Recent investigative interests focusing on plants and their allied soil-symbionts would suggest an important and multilateral impact of soil microbes in plant nutrient uptake and the regulation of soil nutrient availability. Focusing especially on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, this chapter examines the primary mechanisms by which plant–soil interactions shape plant stress tolerance in relation to metal stress (i.e., from deficiency to toxicity conditions), and further outlines how these properties could be applied toward the phytoremediation of metal-polluted environments. Core mechanisms ...