April 2026
Intermediate
395 pages
13h 22m
English
According to OpenAI, there are five stages of artificial intelligence: Level 1 is dominated by chatbots, and AI is used for conversational language. In Level 2, reasoning models can reach human-level problem solving. Agentic systems represent Level 3. In Level 4, AI systems can support creative tasks like inventions and effectively act as innovators. In Level 5, AI systems can mimic and do the work of complete organizations. At that point, companies worth of billions of dollars might be led by a single person (a one-person unicorn) or even by no person (a zero-person unicorn). We find this prospect both fascinating and frightening at the same time.
An effective way to think about future technologies is the ...
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