May 2024
Intermediate
278 pages
5h 24m
Chinese
Content preview from 构建可扩展分布式系统：方法与实践
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9
第 1 章
可扩展系统简介
在过去
20
年里，软件系统的规模、复杂性和容量都出现了前所未有的增长。这种增长
速度在未来
20
年内几乎不可能放缓
—
现在几乎无法想象未来系统的样子。但是，我
们可以确定的一件事情是，越来越多的软件系统将需要在满足持续增长需求的基础上来
构建
—
更多请求、更多数据和更多分析
—
作为系统设计的主要驱动力。
可扩展
（
scalable
）是软件工程中用来描述软件系统能够适应增长的术语。在本章中，我
将探讨可扩展能力的确切含义，俗称
可扩展性
（
scalability
，对此术语你肯定耳熟能详）。
我将借助一些案例，用确凿数据来说明当代应用程序的功能和特征，然后再引出我们今
天常规构建的大型系统的起源。最后，我将介绍实现可扩展、可复制和最优化系统的两
个基本原则，它们将会在本书的其余部分以各种形式重复出现，并用来检查架构的可扩
展性与其他质量属性之间不可磨灭的联系。
1.1
可扩展性的定义
直观地说，可扩展性是一个非常简单的概念。维基百科对它的定义（
https://oreil.ly/
JsYXf
）是“可扩展性是通过添加更多资源来处理越来越多的工作的系统属性”。我们都
知道如何扩展一个高速公路系统
—
增加更多的车道，这样它就可以承载更多的车辆。
我喜欢的一些人知道如何扩大啤酒生产规模
—
他们通过增加酿造容器的数量和扩大容
器的体积、增加执行和管理酿造啤酒的人员数量，以及增加用来盛新鲜美味啤酒的桶的
数量来实现产能扩大。任何物理系统
—
交通系统、机场，以及建筑物中的电梯
—
以
及增加容量的途径都是显而易见的。
与物理系统不同，软件系统在某种程度上是无定形的 ...
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I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.