May 2024
Intermediate
278 pages
5h 24m
Chinese
Content preview from 构建可扩展分布式系统：方法与实践
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可扩展系统简介
｜
13
1.3
软件系统发展简史
我相信很多读者都无法想象在互联网搜索、
YouTube
和社交媒体出现之前人类文明生
活是如何存在的。事实上，第一次上传视频到
YouTube
（
https://oreil.ly/a8i1b
）发生在
2005
年。是的，连我都难以置信。让我们简要回顾一下我们是如何达到当今系统规模
的。以下是一些值得注意的历史里程碑：
1980
～
1989
一个由分时主机和小型机主宰的时代。个人计算机出现于
20
世纪
80
年代初期，但
很少联网。到
20
世纪
80
年代末，软件研发实验室、大学及（越来越多的）企业都
拥有了电子邮件和访问原始互联网资源的权限。
1990
～
1995
网络变得更加普遍，为基于
HTTP/HTML
的万维网（
WWW
）技术的出现创造了成
熟的环境。万维网在
20
世纪
80
年代诞生于欧洲核子研究中心（
CERN
），由
Tim
Berners-Lee
（
https://oreil.ly/IULsL
）首创。到
1995
年，网站的数量还很少，但未来
的种子已经种下，如
1994
年雅虎（
Yahoo!
）创立以及
1995
年亚马逊和
eBay
诞生。
1996
～
2000
网站数量从
10 000
左右增长到
1000
万（
https://oreil.ly/ikPrg
），这是一个真正的爆
发式增长期。网络带宽和访问量也迅速增长。针对如今我们熟知或正在使用的高度
可扩展系统，亚马逊、
eBay
、谷歌和雅虎等公司已经开创了许多设计原则和先进技
术的早期版本。正如下面“规模如何影响业务系统”中所阐述的，日常企业都争先
恐后地利用电子商务提供的新机会，使得系统可扩展性的重要性日益彰显。 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.