May 2024
Intermediate
278 pages
5h 24m
Chinese
Content preview from 构建可扩展分布式系统：方法与实践
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22
第 2 章
分布式系统架构简介
在本章中，我将广泛地介绍一些扩展软件系统的基本方法。你可以把本章看成从
30 000
英尺（
1
英尺约为
30.48 cm
）的高度鸟瞰第二部分、第三部分和第四部分的内容。我将
介绍可扩展系统的主要架构方法，并指出后续将深入探讨相关架构问题的章节。你可以
认为本章的内容概述了为什么需要可扩展系统的架构策略，而后续章节的内容将详细解
释如何运用这些架构策略。
本书讨论的目标系统类型是我们每天都在使用的、面向互联网的系统。你尽管说出最喜
欢的系统！这些系统的特点是：在网页和移动应用程序界面接收用户的请求，根据用户
请求或事件（例如，基于
GPS
的系统）存储和检索数据，并具有一定的
智能
功能，例如
根据之前与用户交互的知识来提供建议或通知。
我将从一个简单的系统设计开始，展示如何扩展它。在此过程中，我将引入几个概念，
并在本书后续章节更详细地介绍它们。本章只是对这些概念进行全面概述，让你知道它
们是如何在系统可扩展性方面发挥作用的
—
这是一次走马观花之旅！
2.1
系统架构基础
几乎所有大规模系统都是从小规模开始，在成功路上逐渐发展壮大。从
Ruby on Rails
、
Django
或类似的开发框架开始架构系统是常见且明智的做法，它们可以加速开发，使系
统得以快速启动并运行。基于一个典型且简单的软件架构来启动你的系统开发，与采用
快速开发框架获得的效果相似，如图
2-1
所示。此架构包括客户端层、应用服务层和数
据库层。如果你使用
Rails
或类似产品，那么可以直接获得以下便利：内置了处理
Web
应用程序的 ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.