Harmonics, Power Systems, and Smart Grids, 2nd Edition

9

Fundamentals of Power Losses in Harmonic Environments

9.1    Introduction

Estimation of harmonic-related losses in distribution systems entails the knowledge of harmonic sources, the characteristics of the elements involved in the propagation of the harmonic currents, and—what is most important and probably the most difficult to assess—the period during which harmonic currents are present in the system. Some applications involve well-identified periods of operation—for instance, the use of fluorescent lighting in commercial installations or the operation of electronic and digital equipment in business and other commercial facilities during working hours. Industrial facilities, however, are a special case because a variety of automated processes ...