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15Chapter
Conclusions
It is evident that we must measure to manage and yet as we have demonstrated,
most approaches to contemporary metrics are not useful for management or strate-
gic purposes and, all too often, not particularly beneficial for operational decisions
either. It is the hope that the shift in perspective offered will allow a more focused
approach toward developing methods for collecting the information needed for
more effective information security management.
15.1 Predictive Metrics
Key performance indicators (KPIs) are sometimes termed leading indicators but
to a significant extent that can be misleading. Inadequate performa