January 2018
Beginner to intermediate
234 pages
7h 8m
Chinese
Content preview from Kafka权威指南
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176
｜
第
10
章
hi
处理硬件中断的时间。
si
处理软件中断的时间。
st
等待管理程序的时间。
什么是系统负载
尽管很多人都知道系统负载是对
CPU
使用情况的度量，但他们并不知道度
量是如何进行的。平均负载是指等待处理器执行的线程数。在
Linux
系统
里，它还包括处于不可中断睡眠状态的线程，比如磁盘等待。负载使用
3
个
数值来表示，分别是前
1
分钟的平均值，前
5
分钟的平均值和前
15
分钟的
平均值。在单
CPU
系统里，数值
1
表示系统负载达到了
100%
，此时总会存
在一个等待执行的线程。而在多
CPU
系统里，如果负载达到
100%
，那么负
载的数值与
CPU
的核数相等。例如，如果系统里有
24
个处理器，那么负载
100%
表示负载数值为
24
。
对于
broker
来说，跟踪
CPU
的使用情况是很有必要的，因为它们在处理请求时使用了大
量的
CPU
时间。而内存使用情况的跟踪就显得没有那么重要了，因为运行
Kafka
并不需
要太大的内存。它会使用堆外的一小部分内存来实现压缩功能，其余大部分内存则用于缓
存。不过，我们还是要对内存使用情况进行跟踪，确保其他的应用不会影响到
broker
。可
以通过监控总内存空间和可用交换内存空间来确保内存交换空间不会被占用。
对于
Kafka
来说，磁盘是最重要的子系统。所有的消息都保存在磁盘上，所以
Kafka
的性
能严重依赖磁盘的性能。我们需要对磁盘空间和索引节点进行监控，确保磁盘空间不会被
用光。对于保存数据的分区来说就更是如此。对磁盘
IO
进行监控也是很有必要的，它们
揭示了磁盘的运行效率。我们需要监控磁盘的每秒种读写速度、读写平均队列大小 ...
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