Knowledge Management

The Four Learning Approaches

All of these reformers’ approaches have led to four different learning processes, all of which are overlapping. Action-driven approaches, explored by the likes of academics Reg Revans, Argyris, Schön, and Wenger, emphasize the behavioral changes that take place when managers solve organizational problems (Revans, 1980). The cognition approaches of people like Robert Kegan, Stephen Klein, Etienne Wenger, Daniel Goleman, and Peter Senge focus on ways in which managers think, specifically on individual and group thinking processes such as memory and perception, with a view to creating coherent, orderly representations of complex problems (Goleman, 2005; Kegan, 1982; Klein, 2007). The reflective approaches of individuals ...