July 2005
Intermediate to advanced
944 pages
158h 24m
English
book
Linux in a Nutshell, Fifth Edition
by Ellen Siever, Aaron Weber, Stephen Figgins, Robert Love, Arnold Robbins
Content preview from Linux in a Nutshell, Fifth Edition
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Chapter 3: Linux Commands
This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition
Copyright © 2006 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
--version
Display version.
--vi-keys
Use vi-like key bindings.
init
init [bootflags] [runlevel]
System administration command. Initialize system. Usually run
from the boot loader—e.g., lilo or grub.
Boot flags
-a, auto
Set the AUTOBOOT environment variable to yes. The boot
loader will do this automatically when booting with the
default command line.
-b Boot directly into a single-user shell for emergency recovery.
-s, S, single
Single-user mode.
-b, emergency
Boot into single-user mode but do not run any other startup
scripts.
-z characters
The specified characters are ignored, but will make the
command line take up a bit more room on the stack. init uses
the extra space to show the current runlevel when running the
ps command.
Files
init is the first process run by any Unix machine at boot time. It
verifies the integrity of all filesystems and then creates other
processes, using fork and exec, as specified by /etc/inittab. Which
processes may be run is controlled by runlevel. All process termina-
tions are recorded in /var/run/utmp and /var/log/wtmp. When the
runlevel changes, init sends SIGTERM and then, after 20 seconds,
SIGKILL to all processes that cannot be run in the new runlevel.
Runlevels
The current runlevel may be changed by telinit, which is often just
a link
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