Linux in a Nutshell, Fifth Edition

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Linux

Commands

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printf

printf formats [strings]

printf option

Print strings using the specified formats. formats can be ordinary

text characters, C-language escape characters, C format specifica-

tions ending with one of the letters diouxXfeEgGcs or, more

commonly, a set of conversion arguments listed here.

Options

--help

Print usage information and exit.

--version

Print version information and exit.

Arguments

%% Print a single %.

%b Print string with \ escapes interpreted.

%s Print the next string.

%n$s

Print the nth string.

%[-]m[.n]s

Print the next string, using a field that is m characters wide.

Optionally, limit the field to print only the first n characters of

string. Strings are right-adjusted unless the left-adjustment

flag, -, is specified.

Examples

printf '%s %s\n' "My files are in" $HOME

printf '%-25.15s %s\n' "My files are in" $HOME

ps

ps [options]

Report on active processes. ps has three types of options. GNU

long options start with two hyphens, which are required. BSD

options may be grouped and do not start with a hyphen, while

Unix98 options may be grouped and require an initial hyphen. The

meaning of the short options can vary depending on whether or

not there is a hyphen. In options, list arguments should either be

comma-separated or space-separated and placed inside double

quotes. ...