book

Manual of Engineering Drawing, 3rd Edition

by Colin H. Simmons, Dennis E. Maguire

March 2009

Intermediate to advanced

336 pages

15h 31m

English

Butterworth-Heinemann

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Engineering drawing practicesDrawing practice and the computer (CAD: Computer aided draughting and design)Why introduce BS 8888 and withdraw BS 308?
Computer aided draughting and designTechnical product documentationAccess into the computer networkQuality assurance
Computer and software purchaseProject developmentParametric designSheet metalwork applicationPipework systemsCommunicating design concepts
First angle projectionThird angle projectionProjection symbolsDrawing procedureReading engineering drawingsProjection exercises4.1. Straight line examples4.2. Examples involving radii and holes (Fig. 4.18)4.3. Examples with missing lines (first angle projection) (Fig. 4.19)4.4. Examples with missing views (first angle projection) (Fig. 4.20)4.5. First angle projection examples with plotted curves (Fig. 4.22)4.6. Pictorial sketching from orthographic views4.7. Geometric solids in third angle projection4.8. Sectional views in third angle projection4.9. Dimensioning examples (first angle projection)
Drawing paper sizesPresentationTypes of line and their applicationChain linesCoinciding linesLetteringDrawing modificationsCare and storage of original drawings

Isometric projectionOblique projection
Single-part drawingCollective single-part drawingsAssembly drawingsCollective assembly drawingDesign layout drawingsCombined detail and assembly drawingsExploded assembly drawingsSimplified drawingsMachine drawingDrawing scalesScale used in geometric constructionAbbreviations
Half sectionsRevolved sectionsRemoved sectionsSections through thin materialLocal sectionsComponents not drawn in sectionSuccessive sectionsSections in two parallel planes
To bisect a given angle AOB (Fig. 9.1)To bisect a given straight line AB (Fig. 9.2)To bisect a given arc AB (Fig. 9.3)To find the centre of a given arc AB (Fig. 9.4)To inscribe a circle in a given triangle ABC (Fig. 9.5)To circumscribe a circle around triangle ABC (Fig. 9.6)To draw a hexagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 9.8)To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across corners (Fig. 9.9)To draw a regular octagon, given the distance across the flats (Fig. 9.10)To draw a regular polygon, given the length of the sides (Fig. 9.11)TangencyTo draw a tangent to a point A on the circumference of a circle, centre O (Fig. 9.13)To draw a tangent to a circle from any given point A outside the circle (Fig. 9.14)To draw an external tangent to two circles (Fig. 9.15)To draw an internal tangent to two circles (Fig. 9.16)To draw internal and external tangents to two circles of equal diameter (Fig. 9.17)To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are outside the radius (Fig. 9.18)To draw a curve of given radius to touch two circles when the circles are inside the radius (Fig. 9.19)To draw a radius to join a straight line and a given circle (Fig. 9.20)To draw a radius which is tangential to given straight lines (Fig. 9.21)
Methods of drawing an ellipseThe involuteArchimedean spiralRight-hand cylindrical helixRight-hand conical helixThe cycloidThe epicycloidThe hypocycloid
To draw an ellipse from part of a coneTo draw a parabola from part of a coneTo draw a rectangular hyperbola from part of a coneInterpenetration
Dimensioning of features not drawn to scaleChain dimensioning and auxiliary dimensioningParallel dimensioningRunning dimensioningStaggered dimensionsDimensioning circlesDimensioning radiiDimensioning spherical radii and diametersDimensioning curvesDimensioning irregular curvesUnidirectional and aligned dimensionsAngular dimensionsTapersDimensioning tapersDimensioning two mating tapersDimensioning chamfersDimensioning squares or flatsDimensioning holesDimensioning counterboresDimensioning countersunk holesDimensioning spotfacesDimensioning for manufacture
Screw threadsThreads for power transmissionDraughting conventions associated with threadsMultiple threadsThe application of thread conventionsTapping drillClearance drill
Drawing nuts and boltsApproximate construction for nuts and bolts (Figs. 16.2 and 16.3)Machine screwsMachine screw nutsWing nutsLocking and retaining devicesThread-cutting screws
Sunk keysWoodruff keysDimensioning keyways (parallel keys)
Bushed bearing bracketDrill tableCam operated clampPlug cock18.1. Air engineToolboxSolution notes
Elements of interchangeable systems (Fig. 19.9)Unilateral and bilateral limitsBases of fitsSelected ISO fits – hole basis (extracted from BS 4500)Interpretations of limits of size in relation to form
Geometrical tolerancesDatumsDimensioning and tolerancing non-rigid parts
StraightnessFlatnessCircularity (roundness)CylindricityProfile tolerance of a lineProfile tolerance of a surfaceParallelismPerpendicularity (squareness)AngularityCircular run-outTotal run-outPositionConcentricity and coaxialitySymmetry
Maximum material condition (MMC)Least material condition (LMC)Maximum material condition related to geometrical formMaximum material condition applied to straightnessMaximum material condition applied to squarenessMaximum material condition applied to positionMaximum material condition applied to coaxialityMaximum material condition and perfect formThe application of maximum material condition and its relationship with perfect form and squarenessThe application of maximum material condition and its relationship with perfect form and coaxialityThe application of maximum material condition to two mating components
Theoretically exact dimensioning (TED) (true-position)
Graphical symbols to indicate surface textureExpanded graphical symbolsComplete graphical symbols‘All surfaces around a workpiece’ graphical symbolComposition of complete graphical symbols for surface textureMandatory positions for complementary requirements
Axis or median featureProjected tolerance zoneIndicating a tolerance zone between two pointsUnilateral and unequal profile toleranceIndicating the direction of tolerance zones
IntroductionDesign specification and verificationAdvantages of the Duality Principle
Applicability of standardsSymbologySpecification of datumsExclusion of surface textureTolerancing principleFeatures-of-sizeTolerance characteristics (Table 27.4)
Cam followersCam follower motionsDimensioning camsSpur gearsSpur-gear terms (Fig. 28.15)Involute gear teeth proportions and relationshipsTypical example using Professor Unwin's approximate constructionHelical gearsBevel gearsBevel-gear terms and definitionsWorm gearing
Plain-carbon steelsAlloy steelsStainless steelsHigh-nickel alloysCopper-base alloysCompression springsFlat springsTorsion springsLeaf springsHelical extension springsDisc springsSpring specificationsWire formsCorrosion preventionFatigue conditions
The application of welding symbols to working drawingsDimensioning of welds
General engineering graphical symbolsEngineered systemsHeating, ventilation and air conditioning systemsRefrigeration systems and energy-saving applicationsPneumatic systemsPneumatics and electronics
Plain bearingsBall and roller bearingsApplication of bearingsSealsLubricationGeneral convention and simplified representation
Designing for adhesivesThe bond lineTypical bonded jointsEngineering applicationsInstant adhesivesStructural applications
The British Standards InstitutionInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Further standards for design, project and risk management of interest to engineers and manufacturers
SYMBOLABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVW

Content preview from Manual of Engineering Drawing, 3rd Edition

Chapter 34. Related standards

Standards are essential tools for industry and commerce, influencing every aspect of the industrial process. They provide the basic ingredients for competitive and cost-effective production. Standards define criteria for materials, products and procedures in precise, authoritative and publicly available documents. They embrace product and performance specifications, codes of practice, management systems, methods of testing, measurement, analysis and sampling, guides and glossaries.

Thus they facilitate design and manufacture:

establish safety criteria;
promote quality with economy;
assist communication and trade; and
inspire confidence in manufacturer and user.

The role of standards in national economic life is ...

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