The following points help to identify non-stationary behavior in time series data for consideration in transforming stationary data:
- Pure random walk: A process with a unit root or a stochastic trend. It is a non-mean reverting process with a variance that evolves over time and goes to infinity.
- Random walk with drift: A process with a random walk and a constant drift.
- Deterministic trend: A process with a mean that grows around a fixed trend, which is constant and independent of time.
- Random walk with drift and deterministic trend: A process combining a random walk with a drift component, and a deterministic trend.