October 2018
Beginner to intermediate
238 pages
6h 32m
Chinese
Content preview from 面向数据科学家的实用统计学
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16
｜
第
1
章
图 1-2：美国各州人口的箱线图
箱子的顶部和底部分别是第
75
百分位数和第
25
百分位数。箱内的水平线表示的是中位
数。图中的虚线称为
须
（
whisker
）。须从最大值一直延伸到最小值，显示了数据的极差。
箱线图有多种变体，具体细节可参考“
R
文档：boxplot 函数”
5
等资料。在默认情况下，该
R
函数会扩展须到箱子外的最远点，但不会超过四分位距的
1.5
倍。其他软件可能会采用
不同的规则。在须外的所有数据绘制为单个点。
1.5.2
频数表和直方图
变量的频数表将该变量的极差均匀地分割为多个等距分段，并给出落在每个分段中的数值个
数。在
R
语言中，可使用下面命令计算美国人口按州分布的频数表，结果显示在表
1-5
中。
breaks <- seq(from=min(state[["Population"]]),
to=max(state[["Population"]]), length=11)
pop_freq <- cut(state[["Population"]], breaks=breaks,
right=TRUE, include.lowest = TRUE)
table(pop_freq)
注
5
：
R Core Team.
“
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing,
”
R Foundation for Statistical
Computing (2015).
探索性数据分析
｜
17
表1-5：美国人口按州分布的频数表 ...
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