April 2008
Intermediate to advanced
544 pages
17h 17m
English
book
Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks
by Krzysztof Iniewski, Daniel Minoli, Carl McCrosky
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8
CIRCUITS FOR OPTICAL-TO-ELECTRICAL CONVERSION
8.2 Optical to Electrical-to-Optical Conversion
8.2.2 Optical Transceiver Architectures
8.2.3 Integrated Circuits for Optical Transceivers
8.3.1 Trans-Impedance Amplifier
8.4.1 Phase-Locked-Loop Architecture
8.4.2 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
8.4.3 Phase and Frequency Detectors
8.5 Clock Synthesis and Recovery
8.6 Preemphasis and Equalization
8.6.1 High-Speed Signal Impairments
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Although light seems to be ideal for sending signals in the core of a network, electrical signals are obviously used on the network's edges, as all terminal equipment, be it PCs, cell phones, or large servers, utilizes electronics. The fact that the edge of the network is electrical and the core is optical implies that somewhere in the network a conversion process from optical to electrical (O-E) needs to take place. So, how is O-E conversion done? The goal of this chapter is to show you how electrical signals are converted to optical siguals, and conversely, at the end of the optical transmission, how they converted back to the electrical domain. Since we have already discussed light sources and detectors in Chapter 2, it is probably quite intuitively clear how this task ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.