Oracle SQL: the Essential Reference

SHUTDOWN

SHUTDOWN [NORMAL | IMMEDIATE | TRANSACTIONAL | ABORT]

Shuts down an Oracle instance. This command is intended for DBAs.

Keywords

NORMAL

Specifies that a normal shutdown is to be performed. A normal shutdown will prevent new user logins and wait for all users to disconnect before shutting down the instance.

IMMEDIATE

Specifies that an immediate shutdown is to be performed. An immediate shutdown prevents new user logins and disconnects each user when the currently executing SQL statement is complete. When all users are disconnected, the instance will be shut down.

TRANSACTIONAL

Specifies that a transactional shutdown is to be performed. A transactional shutdown prevents new user logins and disconnects any user whose transaction is complete (i.e., no COMMIT is pending). As each remaining user completes the current transaction via a COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement, the session is disconnected. When all users are disconnected, the instance will be shut down.

ABORT

Specifies that the instance is to be shut down without regard to pending transactions. No rollback information is written and dirty buffers are not written to disk before the shutdown. Crash recovery will be performed when the database is started.

This command is equivalent to the SHUTDOWN command in Server Manager and is available starting with Oracle Version 8.1.