book

Programming in C++, 2nd Edition

Name: Programming in C++, 2nd Edition
Author: Kamthane
ISBN: 9789332520288

by Kamthane

April 2024

Intermediate to advanced

904 pages

28h 48m

English

Pearson India

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Cover
Brief Contents
Contents (1/2)
Contents (2/2)
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1 : Introduction to C++
1.1 Differences between C and C++
1.2 Evolution of C++
1.3 The ANSI Standard1.4 The Object Oriented Technology
1.5 Disadvantage of Conventional Programming
1.6 Programming Paradigms
(1) Monolithic Programming(2) Procedural/Structured Programming

1.7 Preface to Object Oriented Programming
1.8 Key Concepts of Object Oriented Programming
(1) Objects
(2) Classes
(3) Method
(4) Data Abstraction
(5) Encapsulation
(6) Inheritance
(7) Polymorphism
(8) Dynamic Binding
(9) Message passing
(10) Reusability
(11) Delegation
(12) Genericity
1.9 Advantages of OOP
1.10 Object Oriented Languages
SMALTALK
CHARM++JAVA1.11 Usage of OOP
1.12 Usage of C++
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 2 : Basics of C++
2.1 Introduction2.2 Steps to Create and Execute a C++ Program
2.3 Flowchart for Creating a Source File, Compiling, Linking and Executing in C++
2.4 C++ Environments
2.5 Typical C++ Environment (Borland C++)
Step 1: Open any Text EditorStep 2: Write the Code for the Program
Step 3: Save the File with .CPP AS an Extension
Step 4: Compile the Program
Step 5: Run the Program
2.6 Structure of a C++ Program
2.7 Illustrative Simple Program in C++ without Class
2.8 Header Files and Libraries
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 3 : Input and Output in C++
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Streams in C++ and Stream Classes
3.3 Pre-defined Streams
3.4 Buffering
3.5 Stream Classes
3.6 Formatted and Unformatted Data
3.7 Unformatted Console I/O Operations
Input and Output Streams
3.8 Type Casting with the cout Statement (1/3)
3.8 Type Casting with the cout Statement (2/3)
3.8 Type Casting with the cout Statement (3/3)
3.9 Member Functions of the istream Class
3.10 Formatted Console I/O Operations (1/2)
3.10 Formatted Console I/O Operations (2/2)
3.11 Bit Fields
3.12 Flags without Bit Fields
3.13 Manipulators
3.14 User-defined Manipulators
3.15 Manipulator with One Parameter
3.16 Manipulators with Multiple Parameters
3.17 More Programs (1/2)
3.17 More Programs (2/2)
Summary
Exercises (1/3)
Exercises (2/3)
Exercises (3/3)
Chapter 4 : C++ Declarations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Tokens
4.2.1 Keywords
4.2.2 Identifiers
4.2.3 Constants (1/2)
4.2.3 Constants (2/2)
4.2.4 Operators
4.2.5 String Constants4.3 Variable Declaration and Initialization4.3.1 Variable4.3.2 Variable Declaration
4.3.3 Initialization
4.3.4 Dynamic Initialization
4.4 Data Types in C++
4.4.1 Basic Data Type
4.4.2 Derived Data Type (1/2)
4.4.2 Derived Data Type (2/2)
4.4.3 User-Defined Data Type (1/2)
4.4.3 User-Defined Data Type (2/2)
4.5 Operators in C and C++
4.5.1 Precedence of Operators in C++
4.5.2 Precedence of * and [ ] Operators
4.6 Scope Access Operator
4.7 Namespace
4.8 Memory Management Operators
4.8.1 new Operator
4.8.2 delete Operator
4.8.3 sizeof()
4.9 Comments
4.10 Comma Operator
4.11 Comma in Place of Curly Braces
4.12 More Programs (1/2)
4.12 More Programs (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 5 : Decision Statements
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The if Statement
5.3 Multiple ifs
5.4 The if-else Statement
5.5 Nested if-else Statements
5.6 The else-if Ladder
5.7 Unconditional Control Transfer Statements
5.7.1 The goto statement
5.7.2 The break Statement
5.7.3 The continue Statement
5.8 The switch Statement
5.9 Nested switch case
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 6 : Control Loop Structures
6.1 Introduction6.2 What is a Loop?
6.3 The for Loop
6.4 Nested for Loops
6.5 The while Loop
6.6 The do-while Loop
6.7 The do-while Statement with while Loop
6.8 More Programs
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 7 : Functions in C++
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Parts of a Function
7.2.1 Function Prototype Declaration
7.2.2 Function Call
7.2.3 Function Definition
7.3 Passing Arguments
7.3.1 Call by Value
7.3.2 Call by Address
7.3.3 Call by Reference
7.4 Lvalues and Rvalues
7.4.1 Lvalues (Left Values)
7.4.2 Rvalues (Right Values)
7.5 Return by Reference
7.6 Returning More Values by Reference
7.7 Default Arguments
7.8 const Arguments
7.9 Inputting Default Arguments
7.10 Inline Functions
7.11 Function Overloading
7.12 Principles of Function Overloading
7.13 Precautions with Function Overloading
7.14 Recursion
7.14.1 Rules for Recursive Function
7.15 Library Functions
7.15.1 Ceil, ceill and floor, floorl
7.15.2 modf and modfI
7.15.3 abs, fabs, and labs
7.15.4 norm
7.15.5 complex(), real(), imag(), and conj()
7.16 More Programs (1/3)
7.16 More Programs (2/3)
7.16 More Programs (3/3)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 8 : Classes and Objects
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Structure in C
8.3 Structure in C++
8.4 Classes in C++
8.5 Declaring Objects
8.6 The public Keyword
8.7 The private Keyword
8.8 The protected Keyword
8.9 Access Specifiers and their Scope
8.10 Defining Member Functions
8.10.1 Member Function Inside the class
8.10.2 Private Member Function
8.10.3 Member Function Outside the class
8.11 Characteristics of Member Functions
8.12 Outside Member Function as Inline
8.13 Rules for Inline Functions
8.14 Data Hiding or Encapsulation
8.15 Classes, Objects, and Memory
8.16 static Member Variables (1/2)
8.16 static Member Variables (2/2)
8.17 static Member Functions
8.17.1 static Private Member Function
8.17.2 static Public Member Variable
8.18 static Object
8.19 Array of Objects
8.20 Objects as Function Arguments
8.21 friend Functions (1/2)
8.21 friend Functions (2/2)
8.21.1 friend Classes
8.22 The const Member Functions
8.23 The Volatile Member Function
8.24 Recursive Member Function
8.25 Local Classes
8.26 empty, static, and const Classes
8.27 Member Function and Non-member Function
8.28 The main() Function as a Member Function
8.29 Overloading Member Functions
8.30 Overloading main() Functions
8.31 The main(), Member Function, and Indirect Recursion
8.32 Bit Fields and Classes
8.33 Nested Class
8.34 More Programs (1/2)
8.34 More Programs (2/2)
8.34.1 Member Function Inside the class
8.34.2 Member Function Outside the class
8.34.3 Private Member Functions (1/2)
8.34.3 Private Member Functions (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 9 : Constructors and Destructors
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Constructors and Destructors
9.2.1 Constructors
9.2.2 Destructors9.3 Characteristics of Constructors and Destructors9.3.1 Constructors9.3.2 Destructors
9.4 Applications with Constructors
9.5 Constructors with Arguments (Parameterized Constructor)
9.6 Overloading Constructors (Multiple Constructors)
9.7 Array of Objects Using Constructors
9.8 Constructors with Default Arguments
9.9 Copy Constructors
9.10 The const Objects
9.11 Destructors
9.12 Calling Constructors and Destructors
9.13 Qualifier and Nested Classes
9.14 Anonymous Objects
9.15 Private Constructors and Destructors
9.16 Dynamic Initialization Using Constructors
9.17 Dynamic Operators and Constructors
9.18 main() as a Constructor and Destructor
9.19 Recursive Constructors
9.20 Program Execution Before main()
9.21 Constructor and Destructor with Static Members
9.22 Local Versus Global Object
9.23 More Programs (1/2)
9.23 More Programs (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 10 : Operator Overloading and Type Conversion
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Keyword Operator
10.3 Overloading Unary Operators
10.4 Operator Return Type
10.5 Constraint on Increment and Decrement Operators
10.6 Overloading Binary Operators
10.7 Overloading with friend Function
10.8 Overloading Assignment Operator (=)
10.9 Type Conversion
10.9.1 Conversion from Basic to Class Type
10.9.2 Conversion from Class Type to Basic Data Type
10.9.3 Conversion from One Class Type to Another Class Type
10.10 Rules for Overloading Operators
10.11 One-Argument Constructor and Operator Function
10.12 Overloading Stream Operators
10.13 More Programs (1/3)
10.13 More Programs (2/3)
10.13 More Programs (3/3)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 11 : Inheritance
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reusability11.3 Access Specifiers and Simple Inheritance
11.4 Protected Data with Private Inheritance
11.5 Types of Inheritance
11.6 Single Inheritance
11.7 Multilevel Inheritance
11.8 Multiple Inheritance
11.9 Hierarchical Inheritance
11.10 Hybrid Inheritance
11.11 Multipath Inheritance
11.12 Virtual Base Classes
11.13 Constructors, Destructors, and Inheritance
11.13.1 Constructors and destructors in base and derived classes
11.13.2 Base and derived classes without constructors
11.13.3 Base class with constructors and derived class without constructors
11.13.4 Base class without constructors and derived class with constructors
11.13.5 Base and derived classes with constructors
11.13.6 Base class with various constructors and derived class with one constructor
11.13.7 Base and derived classes without default constructors
11.13.8 Constructors and multiple inheritance
11.13.9 Constructors in multiple inheritance with explicit calls
11.13.10 Multiple inheritance and virtual class
11.13.11 Execution of constructors in multilevel inheritance
11.14 Object as a Class Member (1/2)
11.14 Object as a Class Member (2/2)
11.15 Abstract Classes
11.16 Qualifier Classes and Inheritance
11.17 Constructors in Derived Class
11.18 Pointers and Inheritance
11.19 Overloading Member Function
11.20 Advantages of Inheritance
11.21 Disadvantages of Inheritance11.22 More Programs
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 12 : Arrays
12.1 Introduction12.2 One-dimensional Array Declaration and Initialization
12.3 Characteristics of Arrays
12.4 Accessing Array Elements Through Pointers
12.5 Arrays of Pointers
12.6 Passing Array Elements to a Function
12.7 Passing Complete Array Elements to a Function
12.8 Initialization of Arrays Using Functions
12.9 Two-dimensional Arrays
12.10 Pointers and Two-dimensional Arrays
12.11 Three- or Multi-dimensional Arrays
12.12 Arrays of Classes
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 13 : Pointers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Features of Pointers
13.3 Pointer Declaration
13.4 Arithmetic Operations with Pointers
13.5 Pointer to Pointer
13.6 void Pointers
13.7 wild Pointers
13.8 Pointer to Class
13.9 Pointer to Object
13.10 The this Pointer
13.11 Pointer to Derived Classes and Base Class
13.12 Pointer to Members (1/2)
13.12 Pointer to Members (2/2)
13.13 Accessing Private Members with Pointers
13.14 Direct Access to Private Members
13.15 Addresses of Objects and void Pointers
13.16 More Programs (1/2)
13.16 More Programs (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 14 : C++ and Memory Models
14.1 Introduction14.2 Memory Models
14.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation
14.4 The new and delete Operators
14.5 Heap Consumption
14.6 Overloading new and delete Operators
14.7 Overloading new and delete in Classes
14.8 Execution Sequence of Constructor and Destructor
14.9 Specifying Address of an Object
14.10 Dynamic Objects
14.11 Calling Convention
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 15 : Binding, Polymorphisms, and Virtual Functions
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Binding in C++
15.2.1 Static (Early) Binding
15.2.2 Dynamic (Late) Binding
15.3 Pointer to Base and Derived Class Objects
15.4 Virtual Functions
15.5 Rules for Virtual Functions
15.6 Array of Pointers
15.7 Pure Virtual Functions
15.8 Abstract Classes
15.9 Working of Virtual Functions (1/2)
15.9 Working of Virtual Functions (2/2)
15.10 Virtual Functions in Derived Classes
15.11 Object Slicing
15.12 Constructors and Virtual Functions
15.13 Virtual Destructors
15.14 Destructors and Virtual Functions
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 16 : Applications with Files
16.1 Introduction
16.2 File Stream Classes
16.3 Steps of File Operations (1/2)
16.3 Steps of File Operations (2/2)
16.4 Checking for Errors
16.5 Finding End of a File
16.6 File Opening Modes
16.7 File Pointers and Manipulators
16.8 Manipulators with Arguments
16.9 Sequential Access Files
16.10 Binary and ASCII Files
16.11 Random Access Operation
16.12 Error Handling Functions
16.13 Command-Line Arguments
16.14 Strstreams
16.15 Sending Output to Devices
16.16 More Programs (1/2)
16.16 More Programs (2/2)
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 17 : Generic Programming with Templates
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Need for Templates17.3 Definition of Class Templates
17.4 Normal Function Templates
17.5 Working of Function Templates
17.6 Class Templates with More Parameters
17.7 Function Templates with More Arguments
17.8 Overloading of Template Functions
17.9 Member Function Templates
17.10 Recursion with Template Functions
17.11 Class Templates with Overloaded Operators
17.12 Class Templates Revisited
17.13 Class Templates and Inheritance
17.14 Bubble Sort Using Function Templates
17.15 Guidelines for Templates
17.16 Differences Between Templates and Macros
17.17 Linked Lists with Templates
17.18 More Programs
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 18 : Working with Strings
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Moving From C String to C++ String
18.3 Declaring and Initializing String Objects
18.4 Relational Operators
18.5 Handling String Objects
18.6 String Attributes
18.7 Accessing Elements of Strings
18.8 Comparing and Exchanging
18.9 Miscellaneous Functions
18.10 More Programs
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 19 : Exception Handling
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Principles of Exception Handling
19.3 The Keywords try, throw, and catch
19.4 Guidelines for Exception Handling
19.5 Multiple catch Statements
19.6 Catching Multiple Exceptions
19.7 Re-throwing Exception
19.8 Specifying Exceptions
19.9 Exceptions in Constructors and Destructors
19.10 Controlling Uncaught Exceptions
19.11 Exceptions and Operator Overloading
19.12 Exceptions and Inheritance
19.13 Class Templates with Exception Handling
19.14 Guidelines for Exception Handling
19.15 More Programs
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 20 : Overview of Standard Template Library
20.1 Introduction to STL
20.2 STL Programing Model
20.3 Containers
20.4 Sequence Containers
20.5 Associative Containers
20.6 Algorithms
20.7 Iterators
20.8 Vectors (1/2)
20.8 Vectors (2/2)
20.9 Lists (1/2)
20.9 Lists (2/2)
20.10 Maps
20.11 Function Objects
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 21 : Additional Information about ANSI and TURBO-C++
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Innovative Data Types
21.3 New Type-casting Operators
21.4 The Keyword explicit
21.5 The Keyword mutable
21.6 Namespace Scope
21.7 Nested Namespaces
21.8 Anonymous Namespaces
21.9 The Keyword using
21.10 Namespace Alias
21.11 The Standard Namespace std
21.12 Ansi and Turbo-C++ Keywords
21.13 Ansi and Turbo-C++ Header Files
21.14 C++ Operator Keywords
Summary
Exercises
Chapter 22 : C++ Graphics
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Computer Display Modes
22.3 Video Display and Display Adapters22.4 Initilisation of Graphics
22.5 Few Additional Graphics Functions
22.6 Programs Using Library Functions (1/2)
22.6 Programs Using Library Functions (2/2)
22.7 Working with Texts
22.8 Filling Patterns with Different Colors and Styles
22.9 Mouse Programming
22.10 Drawing Noncommon Figures
Summary
Exercises
Appendices (1/2)
Appendices (2/2)
Index (1/2)
Index (2/2)

Content preview from Programming in C++, 2nd Edition

Command-line Arguments 679

16.13 COMMAND-LINE ARGUMENTS

An executable program that performs a speciﬁc task for the operating system is called a com-

mand. The commands are issued from the command prompt of the operating system. Some ar-

guments are associated with the commands; hence these arguments are called command-line

arguments. These associated arguments are passed to programs.

Similar to C, in C++, every program starts with a main() function, and this function marks

the beginning of the program. We have not provided any arguments so far in the main() func-

tion. Here, we can make arguments in the main function as in other functions. ...

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Programming in C++, 2nd Edition

by Kamthane

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