R in a Nutshell

Machine Learning Algorithms for Regression

Most of the models above assumed that you knew the basic form of the model equation and error function. In each of these cases, our goal was to find the coefficients of variables in a known function. However, sometimes you are presented with data where there are many predictive variables, and the relationships between the predictors and response are very complicated.

Statisticians have developed a variety of different techniques to help model more complex relationships in data sets and to predict values for large, complicated data sets. This section describes a variety of techniques for finding not only the coefficients of a model function but also the function itself.

In this section, I use the San Francisco home sales data set described in More About the San Francisco Real Estate Prices Data Set. This is a pretty ugly data set, with lots of nonlinear relationships. Real estate is all about location, and we have several different variables in the data set that represent location. (The relationships between these variables is not linear, in case you were worried.)

Before modeling, we’ll split the data set into training and testing data sets. Splitting data into training and testing data sets (and, often, validation data sets as well) is a standard practice when fitting models. Statistical models have a tendency to “overfit” the training data; they do a better job predicting trends in the training data than in other data.

I chose this approach ...