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人工智能技术与大数据
book

人工智能技术与大数据

by Posts & Telecom Press, Anand Deshpande, Manish Kumar
May 2024
Intermediate to advanced
295 pages
4h 32m
Chinese
Packt Publishing
Content preview from 人工智能技术与大数据

第2章 大数据本体论

由第1章的内容可知,大数据推动了人工智能领域的快速发展。这主要归因于大量可用的外部异构数据源与指数级增长的分布式计算能力。如果没有统一的标准或通用的语言将数据提取为信息并将信息转换成知识,那么从大量数据中获取价值会极其困难。例如,两个语言不通的人无法在没有翻译器帮助的情况下相互交谈。只有产生与关键词相关的语义,同时用语法规则进行连接,才可能进行翻译和解释。以一个英语与西班牙语的句子为例,如图2-1所示。

..\20-0097 图\2-1.tif

图2-1 一个用英语与西班牙语表述的句子

广义上可以通过宾语、主语、动词与属性来切分句子。此时,John与bananas分别是主语与宾语。它们通过一个动作——吃——联系起来,同时还有属性与上下文数据(将主语与活动联系在一起的信息)。知识翻译可以通过以下两种方式实现。

(1)全包含映射(All-inclusive Mapping)。维护两种语言间所有句子的映射关系。可想而知这是不可能的,因为在一种语言中对某一样东西(客体、事件、属性、上下文)有无数种表达方式。

(2)语义世界观(Semantic View of the World)。如果把语义和语言表达中遇到的每一个实体联系起来,一个标准化的语义世界观就可以作为所有语言的集中词典。

如果想要实现能从数据中获取知识,能利用上下文知识进行洞察,能采取有意义的行为以增强人类能力的人工智能,那么语义化和标准化的世界观是必不可少的。这种语义世界观被描述为本体(Ontology)。本书将本体定义为:某主题领域中的一组概念和类别,同时包括它们的属性和相互关系。 ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781836202653