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人工智能技术与大数据
book

人工智能技术与大数据

by Posts & Telecom Press, Anand Deshpande, Manish Kumar
May 2024
Intermediate to advanced
295 pages
4h 32m
Chinese
Packt Publishing
Content preview from 人工智能技术与大数据

第7章 模糊系统

第6章对构建一个自然语言处理系统所需的理论与技术进行了概述。可以肯定的是,对能够通过自然语言与人类交流的机器的需求将会越来越大。为了能够对自然语言输入做出最合理与最可靠的解释和反应,系统需要有很大程度的模糊性。与用计算机构建的传统处理逻辑相比,人脑可以很容易地对输入做近似处理。例如,我们看到一个人,不用明确知道就可以大致推断这个人的年龄。比如,如果我们看到一个两岁的婴儿,从外表就可以推断出这个婴儿并不老,而且很年轻。人们可以很容易地处理输入中含糊不清的内容。在这种情况下,我们不需要知道婴儿的确切年龄就可以对其进行基本的判断。

这种程度的模糊性对构建智能机器是必不可少的。在真实的场景中,尽管模型(例如深度神经网络)需要准确的输入,但系统也不能完全依赖于精确的数值和定量的输入。上下文信息的不完整、特征的随机性和数据的缺失使得真实场景的许多特性被放大,不确定性更加常见。人类的推理能力足以处理现实世界中的这些特性。对于能够补充人类能力的智能机器来说,拥有同样程度的模糊处理能力至关重要。

本章将介绍模糊逻辑理论的基本原理,以及如何用它来构建以下内容:基于自适应网络的模糊推理系统、模糊C均值聚类以及模糊神经分类器。

本章将讨论以下主题:模糊逻辑基础、ANFIS网络、模糊C均值聚类以及模糊神经分类器。

先让我们快速了解一下,即使在人的表述中存在一定模糊性的情况下,人类的互动行为是如何无缝衔接的。像“John is tall”这样的说法并不能说明John的确切身高(以英寸[1]或厘米为单位)。然而,相互交流的两个人可以从对话的语境中进行理解和推断。现在来看一段对话示例,这段对话发生在一所学校的两位老师之间,事关一个二年级的学生John。在这个语境中,“John ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781836202653