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人工智能技术与大数据
book

人工智能技术与大数据

by Posts & Telecom Press, Anand Deshpande, Manish Kumar
May 2024
Intermediate to advanced
295 pages
4h 32m
Chinese
Packt Publishing
Content preview from 人工智能技术与大数据

第3章 从大数据中学习

前两章介绍了大数据革命下智能机器的背景,并概述了大数据是如何推动人工智能快速发展的,同时还强调了为通用知识表示构建统一词汇表的必要性,以及本体如何满足这一需求并构建语义世界观。

人类追求的知识源于信息,而信息又来源于我们产生的海量数据。知识帮助补充和增强人类能力的机器进行合理决策。前面已经介绍了RDF如何为知识资产提供语义骨架,顺带介绍了OWL的基础和RDFS的查询语言SPARQL。

本章将基于Spark的机器学习库介绍部分机器学习的基本概念,并深入研究一些算法。作为一种通用的大数据计算引擎与算法框架,Spark是目前最流行的用于算法实现的计算框架之一。Spark非常适合大数据生态系统,具有简单的编程接口,并且非常有效地利用了分布式和弹性计算框架的强大功能。虽然本章不假设读者具有任何统计学和数学背景,但假如读者具有一定的编程背景,那将有助于理解代码片段,并可尝试使用示例进行试验。

本章将介绍机器学习中各种监督和无监督学习算法,在深入研究之前,将介绍以下内容:回归分析、数据聚类、K均值、数据降维、奇异值分解和主成分分析(PCA)。

最后将概述Spark编程模型和其机器学习库——Spark MLlib。有了这些背景知识后,本章最后将实现一个推荐系统。

机器学习广义上可分为两类:监督学习和无监督学习。顾名思义,这种分类基于历史数据的可用性及其完整性。简单地说,监督算法依赖于趋势数据,或者真实数据。真实数据用于对模型进行泛化,对新的数据点进行预测。

现在让我们通过图3-1所示的例子来理解这个概念。

图3-1 简单训练数据:输入(独立)和目标(依赖)变量

考虑变量y的值依赖于x的值,y随x的变化而成比例变化(想象一个因子的增减成比例地改变另一个因子)。 ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781836202653