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실무로 통하는 LLM 애플리케이션 설계
book

실무로 통하는 LLM 애플리케이션 설계

by 수하스 파이, 박조은
October 2025
Intermediate
424 pages
10h 19m
Korean
Hanbit Media, Inc.
Content preview from 실무로 통하는 LLM 애플리케이션 설계
142
1
LLM의 구성 요소
x_normalized = (x - mean) / torch.sqrt(variance + self.epsilon)
return self.gamma * x_normalized + self.beta
layer_norm = LayerNorm(embedding_dim)
outputs = layer_norm(inputs)
4.4
손실 함수
지금까지 각 트랜스포머 블록의 모든 구성 요소를 살펴봤습니다. 다음 토큰 예측이라는 학습
목표에서, 입력값은 트랜스포머 층들을 통과하며 모든 토큰에 대한 확률 분포 형태의 최종 출
력을 생성합니다. 훈련 과정에서는 이 출력 분포와 정답을 비교해 손실을 계산합니다. 정답 분
포는 정답 토큰에는
1
을, 나머지 모든 토큰에는
0
을 할당합니다.
출력과 정답 사이의 차이를 수치화하는 다양한 방법이 있습니다. 그중 가장 널리 사용하는 방
법은 교차 엔트로피
cross
-
entropy
로, 다음 공식으로 계산됩니다.
교차 엔트로피 = -∑ (정답 확률
log
(출력 확률 )
예를 들어 다음 문장을 생각해 봅시다.
His
pizza
tasted
______’
정답 토큰이 ‘
good
’이고, 모델의 출력 확률 분포가 (
terrible
:
0
.
65
,
bad
:
0
.
12
,
good
:
0
.
11
,
...)이라고 가정해 봅시다.
교차 엔트로피는 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9791169214384