Swarm Intelligence Algorithms

44 Bat Algorithm

The global convergence of the standard bat algorithm has recently been proved

mathematically using both a Markovian framework and dynamical system

theory [11].

The rest of this chapter provides all the fundamentals of the bat algorithm

with the main pseudo-code, Matlab code and C++ code, followed by some

simple demonstration of how it works.

4.2 Original bat algorithm

Bats, especially microbats, use echolocation for navigation, which consists of

emitting a series of short, ultrasonic pulses that typically last a few millisec-

onds with frequencies in the range of 25 kHz to about 150 kHz. The loudness

of such bursts can be up to 110 dB. ...