Preface
Swarm intelligence and bio-inspired computation have become very popular in recent
years. Optimization in general and swarm-based intelligence in particular are becoming
a basic foundation for many modern applications in different disciplines. For its simplic-
ity and flexibility swarm intelligence has found its way in engineering applications. This
book presents a brief introduction to the mathematical optimization with special atten-
tion to swarm intelligence and its applications, divisions, variants, and hybridizations.
Basic concepts related to swarm intelligence are presented such as randomness, random
walks and chaos theory as a preface for many of the variants and enhancements in the
literature for the basic swarm optimization metho