Swarm Intelligence

20 Bat Algorithm (BA)

where 1 ≤ µ

i

and 0 ≤ ν

i

, which should be large enough depending on the solution

quality needed. φ

i

represents the equality constraints while ψ

j

represents the inequality

constraints.

By defining the new modified fitness function the target is to minimize it using the

standard bat algorithm.

2.2.6 BA with L`evy distribution

L`evy flights are Markov processes, which differ from regular Brownian motion. Ex-

tremely long jumps may occur, and typical trajectories are self-similar, on all scales

showing clusters of shorter jumps interspersed by long excursions. L`evy flight has the

following properties [7]:

• Stability: distribution of the sum of independent identically distributed stable

random variables equal to distribution of each variable. ...