Appendix Two

Additional Problems

Chapter 1

Example AP 1.1

Specify whether the following systems are open or closed when in operation. (a) Water wheel (b) Scooter engine (c) Boiler in steam plant (d) Liquid cooling system of an automobile (e) Electric fan (f) Motor car battery (g) Air compressor

Solution

  1. Water wheel. It is a device that converts kinetic energy of water into mechanical work. Water enters at one end and leaves at another; therefore, the system is an open system. Flow is steady, as conditions do not change at any of its point with time.

  2. Scooter engine. In scooter engine, air is sucked in and the burnt gases are left out. Thus, there is flow across its boundaries and hence it is an open system. However, the flow is not steady ...

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