book

Voice over IP Fundamentals, Second Edition

by Jonathan Davidson, James Peters, Manoj Bhatia, Satish Kalidindi, Sudipto Mukherjee

July 2006

Beginner

432 pages

9h 6m

English

Cisco Press

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Command Syntax Conventions
Purpose of This BookWho Should Read This Book?Chapter OrganizationFeatures and Text ConventionsTimelinessThe Road Ahead...
The Beginning of the PSTNUnderstanding PSTN BasicsAnalog and Digital SignalingDigital Voice SignalsLocal Loops, Trunks, and Interswitch CommunicationPSTN SignalingUser-to-Network SignalingNetwork-to-Network SignalingPSTN Services and ApplicationsPSTN Numbering PlansNANPITU-T International Numbering PlanDrivers Behind the Convergence Between Voice and Data NetworkingDrawbacks to the PSTNPacket Telephony Network DriversStandards-Based Packet Infrastructure LayerOpen Call-Control LayerVoIP Call-Control ProtocolsH.323MGCP (Evolution from SGCP and IPDC)SIPH.248/MEGACOOpen Service Application LayerNew PSTN Network Infrastructure ModelSummary
Similarities Between PSTN and ETDifferences Between PSTN and ETSignaling TreatmentAdvanced FeaturesCommon ET and PSTN InterworkingET Networks Provided by PSTNSimple Business LineCentrex LineVPNPrivate ET NetworksPBX NetworksTie-Lines for PBX InterconnectionSummary
Signaling OverviewAnalog and Digital SignalingDirect Current SignalingIn-Band and Out-of-Band SignalingLoop-Start and Ground-Start SignalingCAS and CCSE&M SignalingType IType IIType IIIType IVType VCASBell System MF SignalingSupervision SignalingAnalog TrunksDigital TrunksAddress SignalingCCITT No. 5 SignalingSupervision SignalingAddress SignalingR1R2Supervision Signaling on Analog TrunksCCITT-R2National R2Supervision Signaling on Digital TrunksInter-Register SignalingGroups for Inter-Register SignalingFeature SupportISDNISDN ServicesISDN Access InterfacesBRIPRIISDN L2 and L3 ProtocolsQ.931 Call Control MessagesBasic ISDN CallCall SetupCall DisconnectQSIGQSIG ServicesQSIG Architecture and Reference PointsQSIG Protocol StackQSIG Basic Call Setup and Teardown ExampleDPNSSSummary

SS7 Network ArchitectureSignaling ElementsSSPSTPGlobal Title TranslationSTP HierarchySCPSignaling LinksSignaling ModesSignaling Links and LinksetsSignaling RoutesSignaling Link PerformanceSS7 Protocol OverviewPhysical Layer—MTP L1Data Layer—MTP L2FISULSSUMSUNetwork Layer—MTP3Message FormatSMHRouting OverviewSNM Message StructureCongestion ControlReroutingChangeover and ChangebackSCCPConnection-Oriented ServicesConnectionless Services and MessagesSCCP Connectionless ExampleSCCP Management FunctionsTUPISUPISUP ServicesEnd-to-End SignalingCall Setup and TeardownISUP Message FormatISUP Call Control MessagesTCAPTCAP InterfacesTransaction Portion of TCAPComponent Portion of TCAPSS7 ExamplesBasic Call Setup and Teardown Example800 Database Query ExampleList of SS7 SpecificationsSummary
Plain Old Telephone ServiceCustom Calling FeaturesCLASS FeaturesVoice MailBusiness ServicesVirtual Private Voice NetworksCentrex ServicesCall Center ServicesService Provider ServicesDatabase ServicesOperator ServicesSummary
OSI Reference ModelThe Application LayerThe Presentation LayerThe Session LayerThe Transport LayerThe Network LayerThe Data Link LayerThe Physical LayerInternet ProtocolData Link Layer AddressesIP AddressingRouting ProtocolsDistance-Vector RoutingLink-State RoutingBGPIS-ISOSPFIGRPEIGRPRIPIP Transport MechanismsTCPUDPSummaryReferences
Delay/LatencyPropagation DelayHandling DelayQueuing DelayJitterPulse Code ModulationWhat Is PCM?A Sampling Example for Satellite NetworksVoice CompressionVoice Coding StandardsMean Opinion ScorePerceptual Speech Quality MeasurementEchoPacket LossVoice Activity DetectionDigital-to-Analog ConversionTandem EncodingTransport ProtocolsRTPReliable User Data ProtocolDial-Plan DesignEnd Office Switch Call-Flow Versus IP Phone CallSummaryReferences
QoS Network ToolkitEdge FunctionsBandwidth LimitationscRTPQueuingWeighted Fair QueuingCustom QueuingPriority QueuingCB-WFQ (CB=Class Based)PQ within CB-WFQ (Low Latency Queuing)Queuing SummaryPacket ClassificationIP PrecedenceIP Precedence CaveatsResetting IP Precedence through Policy RoutingPolicy RoutingRSVPRSVP SyntaxRSVP CaveatsTraffic PolicingCARTraffic ShapingDifferences Between GTS and FRTSTraffic Shaping and QueuingGTSFRTSFragmentationBlockingMCML PPPFRF.12IP MTU and MTUIP MTU CaveatsMTU CaveatsEdge QoS Wrap-UpBackbone NetworksHigh-Speed TransportModified Deficit Round RobinCongestion AvoidanceWREDTCPBackbone QoS Wrap-UpRules of Thumb for QoSCisco Labs’ QoS TestingSummary
Billing BasicsAuthentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)RADIUSVendor-Specific Attributes (VSA)Billing FormatsTypical Telco ApproachOpen Settlements Protocol (OSP)-Based ApproachRADIUS-Based ApproachIPDR-Based ApproachCase Study: Cisco SIP Proxy Server and BillingRADIUS Server AccountingRADIUS Interface for Cisco SPSPrepaid and Postpaid ApplicationsChallenges for VoIP NetworksMediation ServicesSummary
Security RequirementsSecurity TechnologiesShared-Key ApproachesPublic-Key CryptographyAsymmetric KeysDigital SignatureCertificates and Certificate AuthorityPublic-Key-Based ProtocolsTLSIPsecSRTPProtecting Voice DevicesDisabling Unused Ports/ServicesHIPSProtecting IP Network InfrastructureSegmentationTraffic Policing802.1x Device AuthenticationLayer 2 ToolsDHCP SnoopingIP Source GuardDynamic ARP InspectionCAM Overflow and Port SecurityBPDU Guard and Root GuardCircumventing VLANsNIPSLayer 3 ToolsAuthentication of Routing UpdatesTCP InterceptSecurity Planning and PoliciesTransitive TrustVoIP Protocol-Specific IssuesComplexity TradeoffsNAT/Firewall TraversalPassword and Access ControlSummary
H.323 ElementsTerminalGatewayGatekeeperThe MCU and ElementsH.323 Proxy ServerH.323 Protocol SuiteRAS SignalingGatekeeper DiscoveryRegistrationEndpoint LocationAdmissionsStatus InformationBandwidth ControlCall Control Signaling (H.225)Media Control and Transport (H.245 and RTP/RTCP)Fast Connect ProceduresTunneling H.245Call TerminationMedia Transport (RTP/RTCP)H.323 Call-FlowsSummary
SIP OverviewFunctionality That SIP ProvidesSIP Network ElementsInteraction with Other IETF ProtocolsMessage Flow in SIP NetworkSIP Message Building BlocksSIP AddressingSIP MessagesSIP RequestsSIP ResponsesSIP Message StructureSIP HeadersSIP Transactions and DialogTransport Layer Protocols for SIP SignalingBasic Operation of SIPProxy Server ExampleRedirect Server ExampleB2BUA Server ExampleSIP Procedures for Registration and RoutingUser Agent Discovering SIP Servers in a NetworkSIP Registration and User MobilitySIP Message RoutingRouting of Subsequent Requests Within a SIP DialogSignaling Forking at the ProxyEnhanced Proxy RoutingSIP ExtensionsSIP Extension Negotiation Mechanism: Require, Supported, Allow HeadersCaller and Callee PreferencesSIP Event Notification Framework: Subscription and NotificationsSUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY MethodsMonitoring Registration State Using the Subscription-Notification FrameworkSIP REFER RequestPresence and Instant Messaging OverviewSIP Extensions for IM and PresenceSummary
MGCP OverviewMGCP ModelEndpointsConnectionsCallsMGCP Commands and MessagesCreateConnection (CRCX)ModifyConnection (MDCX)DeleteConnection (DLCX)NotificationRequest (RQNT)Notification (NTFY)AuditEndpoint (AUEP)AuditConnection (AUCX)RestartIn-Progress (RSIP)EndpointConfiguration (EPCF)MGCP Response MessagesMGCP Call FlowsBasic MGCP Call FlowTrunking GW-to-Trunking GW Call FlowAdvanced MGCP FeaturesEvents and Event PackagesDigit MapsEmbedded Notification RequestsNon-IP Bearer NetworksH.248/MEGACOSummary
Cisco Packet TelephonyPacket Voice Network OverviewNetwork ElementsCall Agent: PGW2200Media GatewayService Control PointCable HeadendResidential GatewayH.323/SIP Endpoint/ClientNetwork InterfacesSignaling TerminationSS7 LinksPRI LinksCAS LinksH.323Inter-PGW2200 SignalingConnection Control: MGCPServices ControlPGW2200 Architecture and OperationsPGW2200-Supported ProtocolsExecution EnvironmentNorth American Numbering PlanRoute AnalysisDigit AnalysisReroute on CongestionPGW2200 ImplementationApplication Check-PointingMGC Node ManagerAccountingPSTN Signaling Over IPSCTPIUAChanging Landscape of PSTN-IP InterworkingSession Border Controller (SBC)Summary
The Service Provider DilemmaService Provider Applications and BenefitsService Provider VoIP Deployment: VonageVoIP Operational AdvantagesService Provider Case Study: Prepaid Calling CardBOWIE.net Multiservice NetworksSession Border Control: Value AdditionVoIP Peering: Top Priority for the Service ProvidersService Provider VoIP and Consumer Fixed Mobile ConvergenceSummary
Migrating to VoIP ArchitectureEnterprise Voice Applications and BenefitsAdvanced Enterprise ApplicationsWeb-Based Collaboration and ConferenceThe Need for Presence InformationPresence-Aware ServicesWi-Fi–Enabled PhonesBetter Voice Quality Using Wideband CodecsSummary

Content preview from Voice over IP Fundamentals, Second Edition

Icons Used in This Book

Command Syntax Conventions

The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in the IOS Command Reference. The Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:

Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In actual configuration examples and output (not general command syntax), boldface indicates commands that are manually input by the user (such as a show command).
Italics indicate arguments for which you supply actual values.
Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.
Square brackets [ ] indicate optional elements.
Braces ...