January 2008
Intermediate to advanced
624 pages
14h 16m
English
Content preview from Windows Server® 2008 TCP/IP Protocols and Services
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Expressing IP Addresses
The IP address is a 32-bit value that computers are adept at manipulating. Humans, however, do not think in binary mode, 32 bits at a time. Because most humans are trained in the use of decimal (base 10 numbering system) rather than binary (base 2 numbering system), it is common to express IP addresses in a decimal form.
The 32-bit IP address is divided from the high-order bit to the low-order bit into four 8-bit quantities called octets. IP addresses are normally written as four separate decimal octets delimited by a period (a dot). This is known as dotted decimal notation.
For example, the IP address 00001010000000011111000101000011 is subdivided into four octets:
00001010 | 00000001 | 11110001 | 01000011 |
Each octet is converted to ...