XML in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition

DOM Strengths and Weaknesses

Like all programming tools, the DOM is better for addressing some classes of problems than others. Since the DOM object hierarchy stores references between the various nodes in a document, the entire document must be read and parsed before it is available to a DOM application. This step also demands that the entire document be stored in memory, often with a significant amount of overhead. Some early DOM implementations required many times the original document’s size when stored in memory. This memory usage model makes DOM unsuitable for applications that deal with very large documents or have a need to perform some intermediate processing on a document before it has been completely parsed.

However, for applications that require random access to different portions of a document at different times, or applications that need to modify the structure of an XML document on the fly, DOM is one of the most mature and best-supported technologies available.