XML in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition

Conventions Used in This Book

Constant width is used for:

• Anything that might appear in an XML document, including element names, tags, attribute values, entity references, and processing instructions.

• Anything that might appear in a program, including keywords, operators, method names, class names, and literals.

Constant width bold is used for:

• User input.

• Emphasis in code examples and fragments.

Constant width italic is used for:

• Replaceable elements in code statements.

Italic is used for:

• New terms where they are defined.

• Emphasis in body text.

• Pathnames, filenames, and program names. (However, if the program name is also the name of a Java class, it is written in constant-width font, like other class names.)

• Host and domain names (cafeconleche.org).

Tip

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Warning

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Significant code fragments, complete programs, and documents are generally placed into a separate paragraph, like this:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="person.css" type="text/css"?>
<person>
  Alan Turing
</person>

XML is case-sensitive. The PERSON element is not the same thing as the person or Person element. Case-sensitive languages do not always allow authors to adhere to standard English grammar. It is usually possible to rewrite the sentence so the two do not conflict, and, when possible, we have endeavored to do so. However, on rare occasions when there is simply no way around the problem, we let standard English come up the ...