Book description
Praise for Accounting Best Practices, Fifth Edition
"For a comprehensive, yet easy-to-read guide to fixing those
all-too-common shortcomings in your accounting department, look no
further than this excellent book. Steve Bragg provides hundreds of
fixes, many of them requiring surprisingly little time or cost
while providing a handy guide to common implementation pitfalls . .
. I would recommend this invaluable book to anyone who is looking
to enhance their existing processes, whether due to growth in their
business, compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley, or just as part of their
ongoing improvement process."
—Martyn Webster, CPA, Director of FinanceXenoPort, Inc.
"This book is critical to running an efficient and accurate
accounting department. The use of RFID technology to track
documents is one of many valuable tools in this latest edition. A
required read for the demanding accounting manager's role."
—Jason Charet, CPA
"I've used Steve Bragg's Accounting Best Practices books
for years as a source of ideas for improvement. Like the previous
editions, the Fifth Edition has a number of new, actionable best
practices as well as refinements of those ideas reported in
previous editions. The books are broad enough in their perspective
so that nearly any organization could find ideas that could pay
back the cost of the book many times over."
—John Temmerman, Controller Evangelical Lutheran Church in
America
"What a great resource! I have been in the accounting field for
over twenty years, and I was still able to gain insight into
improving processes within my office. Thanks for putting it all in
one book!"
—Tina M. Thomas, CPA, CTP, Controller Goodman & Company,
LLP
Table of contents
- Copyright
- Subscriber Update Service
- About the Author
- Free On-Line Resources by Steve Bragg
- Preface
- Introduction
- How to Use Best Practices
-
Accounts Payable Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Accounts Payable Best Practices
- Pay Based on Receiving Approval Only
- Reduce Required Approvals
- Use Negative Assurance for Invoice Approvals
- Use Procurement Cards
- Negotiate Procurement Card Rebates
- Route All Invoices Directly to Accounts Payable
- Split Payables Processing Based on Discounts
- Adopt a Standard Invoice Numbering Convention
- Automate Three-Way Matching
- Digitize Accounts Payable Documents
- Directly Enter Receipts into Computer
- Fax Transmission of Accounts Payable Documents
- Have Suppliers Include Their Supplier Numbers on Invoices
- Receive Billings through Electronic Data Interchange
- Request That Suppliers Enter Invoices through a Web Site
- Shift Incoming Billings to an EDI Data-Entry Supplier
- Audit Expense Reports
- Automate Expense Reporting
- Eliminate Cash Advances for Employee Travel
- Link Corporate Travel Policies to an Automated Expense Reporting System
- Transmit Expense Reports by E-Mail
- Centralize the Accounts Payable Function
- Store Late Fees in a Separate General Ledger Account
- Issue Standard Account Code List
- Link Supplier Requests to the Accounts Payable Database
- Outsource the Accounts Payable Function
- Outsource VAT Reclamations
- Shrink the Supplier Base
- Withhold First Payment until W-9 Form Is Received
- Automate the W-9 Form
- Automate Payments for Repetitive Invoicing
- Install a Payment Factory
- Eliminate Manual Checks
- Increase the Frequency of Check Runs
- Have Regularly Scheduled Check-Signing Meetings
- Implement Positive Pay
- Incorporate Copy Protection Features into Checks
- Avoid Acronym Payees on Checks
- Use the Universal Payment Identification Code
- Issue ACH Payments with Remittance Detail
- Revise Payment Terms for Electronic Payments
- Install Advanced ACH Debit Blocking
- Substitute Wire Transfers for Checks
- Use Signature Stamp
- Notify Purchasing of Lower Invoiced Prices or Terms
- Create Direct Purchase Interfaces to Suppliers
- Create On-Line Purchasing Catalog
- Install a Low-Cost Spend Management System
- Use Blanket Purchase Orders
- Issue a Welcome Packet to New Suppliers
- Clean Up the Supplier Master File
- Adopt a Supplier Naming Procedure
- Add Supplier 800-Numbers to Master File
- Assign Payables Staff to Specific Suppliers
- Create Different Supplier Accounts for Different Terms
- Ignore Supplier Invoices and Pay from Statements
- Review Supplier Statements for Open Credits
- Issue Standard Adjustment Letters to Suppliers
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Accounts Payable Function
- Summary
-
Billing Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Billing Best Practices
- Avoid Missed Billings
- Add Carrier Route Codes to Billing Addresses
- Have Delivery Person Deliver the Invoice
- Do Early Billing of Recurring Invoices
- Issue Electronic Invoices through the Internet
- Issue Single, Summarized Invoices Each Period
- Print Separate Invoices for Each Line Item
- Transmit Transactions via Electronic Data Interchange
- Enhance the Invoice Layout
- Automatically Check Errors during Invoice Data Entry
- Have Delivery Person Create the Invoice
- Computerize the Shipping Log
- Track Exceptions between the Shipping Log and Invoice Register
- Eliminate Month-End Statements
- Reduce Number of Parts in Multipart Invoices
- Replace Intercompany Invoicing with Operating Transactions
- Use Automated Bank Account Deductions
- Improve Shipping Charge Revenue
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Billing Function
- Summary
-
Budgeting Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Budgeting Best Practices
- Link the Budget to Key Business Drivers
- Clearly Define All Assumptions
- Clearly Define All Capacity Levels
- Establish Project Ranking Criteria
- Establish the Upper Limit of Available Funding
- Identify Step-Costing Change Points
- Budget by Groups of Staff Positions
- Create a Summarized Budget Model for Use by Upper Management
- Include a Working Capital Analysis
- Link to Performance Measurements and Rewards
- Use Activity-Based Budgeting
- Incorporate Target Costing into the Budgeting Process
- Use Flex Budgeting
- Incorporate Risk Analysis into Budget Modeling
- Automatically Link the Budget to Purchase Orders
- Issue a Budget Procedure and Timetable
- Preload Budget Line Items
- Adopt Two-Stage Capital Budgeting
- Purchase Budgeting and Planning Software
- Reduce the Number of Accounts
- Revise Budgets on a Quarterly Basis
- Simplify the Budget Model
- Store Budget Information in a Central Database
- Use On-Line Budget Updating
- Use Video Conferencing for Budget Updating
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Budgeting Function
- Summary
-
Cash Management Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Cash Management Best Practices
- Access Bank Account Information on the Internet
- Avoid Delays in Check Posting
- Collect Receivables through Lockboxes
- Consolidate Bank Accounts
- Implement Area-Concentration Banking
- Implement Controlled Disbursements
- Negotiate Faster Deposited-Check Availability
- Open Zero-Balance Accounts
- Shift Money with Electronic Funds Transfer
- Use Internet-Based Cash Flow Analysis Software
- Utilize an Investment Policy
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Cash Management Function
- Summary
-
Credit and Collections Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Credit and Collections Best Practices
- Clearly Define Account Ownership
- Educate the Sales Staff About Revenue Recognition
- Utilize Collection Call Stratification
- Base Deduction Management on Transaction Volume
- Conduct Customer Conference Calls with Sales Staff
- Grant Percentage Discounts for Early Payment
- Conduct Immediate Review of Unapplied Cash
- Outsource Collections
- Sell Your Bankruptcy Creditor Claim
- Simplify Pricing Structure
- Write Off Small Balances with No Approval
- Create an Accurate Bad Debt Forecast
- Compile Customer Assets Database
- Maintain Customer Orders Database
- Arrange for Automatic Bankruptcy Notification
- Set Up Automatic Fax of Overdue Invoices
- Issue Dunning Letters Automatically
- Use a Collection Call Database
- Access Up-to-Date Collection Agency Information
- Implement Customer Order Exception Tracking System
- Install Payment Deduction Investigation System
- Report on Ongoing Customer Complaints
- Link to Comprehensive Collections Software Package
- Institute Lockbox Collections
- Use Real-Time Cash Application Techniques
- Create a Credit Policy
- Modify the Credit Policy Based on Product Margins
- Modify the Credit Policy Based on Changing Economic Conditions
- Modify the Credit Policy Based on Potential Product Obsolescence
- Preapprove Customer Credit
- Create Standardized Credit Level Determination System
- Require a New Credit Application if Customers Have Not Ordered in Some Time
- Review the Credit Levels of All Customers Who Stop Taking Cash Discounts
- Call New Customers and Explain Credit Terms
- Verify Customer Locations from Reverse Phone Records and Satellite Photos
- Issue a Payment Procedure to Customers
- Join an Industry Credit Group
- Refer a Potential Customer to a Distributor
- Require Intercorporate Guarantees
- Obtain Credit Insurance
- Shorten the Terms of Sale
- Add Receipt Signature to Invoice
- E-Mail Invoices in Acrobat Format
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Credit and Collections Function
- Summary
-
Commissions Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Commissions Best Practices
- Automatically Calculate Commissions in the Computer System
- Calculate Final Commissions from Actual Data
- Construct a Standard Commission Terms Table
- Periodically Issue a Summary of Commission Rates
- Simplify the Commission Structure
- Include Commission Payments in Payroll Payments
- Lengthen the Interval between Commission Payments
- Pay Commissions Only from Cash Received
- Periodically Audit Commissions Paid
- Install Incentive Compensation Management Software
- Post Commission Payments on the Company Intranet
- Show Potential Commissions on Cash Register
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Commissions Function
- Summary
-
Costing Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Costing Best Practices
- Audit Bills of Material
- Audit Labor Routings
- Eliminate High-Leverage Overhead Allocation Bases
- Assign Overhead Personnel to Specific Sub-Plants
- Use Perfect Standards for Material Variance Reporting
- Eliminate Labor Variance Reporting
- Follow a Schedule of Inventory Obsolescence Reviews
- Eliminate the Tracking of Work-in-Process Inventory
- Implement Activity-Based Costing
- Implement Throughput Accounting
- Implement Target Costing
- Track Excess Capacity
- Limit Access to Unit of Measure Changes
- Report on Landed Cost Instead of Supplier Price
- Review Cost Trends
- Review Material Scrap Levels
- Revise Traditional Cost Accounting Reports
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Costing Function
- Summary
-
Filing Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Filing Best Practices
- Open Envelopes with a Belt Sander
- Improve the Mailroom Interface
- Add Digital Signatures to Electronic Documents
- Archive Canceled Checks on CD-ROM
- Archive Computer Files
- Implement Document Imaging
- Eliminate Stored Paper Documents If Already in Computer
- Extend Time Period before Computer Records Are Purged
- Extend Use of Existing Computer Database
- Improve Computer System Reliability
- Track Documents with RFID
- Adopt a Document-Destruction Policy
- Eliminate Attaching Back-Up Materials to Checks for Signing
- Eliminate Reports
- Move Records Off-Site
- Reduce Number of Form Copies to File
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Filing Function
- Summary
-
Finance Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Finance Best Practices
- Strategize Cost of Capital Reductions
- Obtain Financing through Internet Lender Sites
- Issue Direct Access Notes
- Purchase Debt Directly from the Government
- Take a Business Unit Public
- Phase Out Small Investors
- Open Conference Calls to the Public
- Issue Investor Relations Podcasts
- Outsource the Company Stock Purchase Plan
- Sell Shares in an Internet-Based Auction
- Use Web Broadcasting for Public Reporting
- Automate Option Tracking
- Use Internet-Based Options Pricing Services
- Automate 401(k) Plan Enrollment
- Grant Employees Immediate 401(k) Eligibility
- Consolidate Insurance Policies
- Obtain Key Man Life Insurance for the CFO
- Obtain Advance Rating Assessments
- Rent a Captive Insurance Company
- Use Internet-Based Risk Measurement Services
- Issue Catastrophe Bonds
- Centralize Foreign Exchange Management
- Settle Foreign Exchange Transactions with the Continuous Link Settlement System
- Use Natural Hedging for Transaction Risks
- Install a Treasury Workstation
- Optimize the Organization of Treasury Operations
- Process Foreign Exchange Transactions over the Internet
-
Financial Statements Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Financial Statements Best Practices
- Move Operating Data to Other Reports
- Post Financial Statements in an Excel PivotTable on the Internet
- Restrict the Level of Reporting
- Write Financial Statement Footnotes in Advance
- Create a Disclosure Committee
- Automate Recurring Journal Entries
- Automate the Cutoff
- Avoid the Bank Reconciliation
- Defer Routine Work
- Eliminate Multiple Approvals
- Eliminate Small Accruals
- Reduce Investigation Levels
- Assign Closing Responsibilities
- Compress Billing Activities
- Conduct Transaction Training
- Continually Review Wait Times
- Convert Serial Activities to Parallel Ones
- Create a Closing Schedule
- Document the Process
- Restrict the Use of Journal Entries
- Train the Staff in Closing Procedures
- Use Cycle Counting to Avoid Month-End Counts
- Use Internal Audits to Locate Transaction Problems in Advance
- Use Standard Journal Entry Forms
- Complete Allocation Bases in Advance
- Conduct Daily Review of the Financial Statements
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Financial Statements Function
- Summary
-
General Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for General Best Practices
- Consolidate All Accounting Functions
- Continually Review Key Process Cycles
- Create a Policies and Procedures Manual
- Eliminate All Transaction Backlogs
- Implement Process-Centering
- Issue Activity Calendars to All Accounting Positions
- Post the Policies and Procedures Manual on the Company Intranet Site
- Sell the Shared Services Center
- Switch to an Application Service Provider
- Switch to On-Line Reporting
- Track Function Measurements
- Use Balanced Scorecard Reporting
- Create a Contract Terms Database
- Install a Knowledge Management System
- Scan Fingerprints at User Workstations
- Create an On-Line Tax Policy Listing
- Designate a Tax Liaison for Each Government Jurisdiction
- Assign Tax Staff to Business Units
- Outsource Tax Form Preparation
- Pay Federal Taxes On-Line
- Pay Taxes with a Credit Card
- Reduce Tax Penalties with Internet-Based Penalty Modeling
- Subscribe to an On-Line Tax Information Service
- Move Intellectual Property to an Offshore Holding Company
- Create Accounting Training Teams
- Create an Ongoing Training Program for All Accounting Personnel
- Create Computer-Based Training Movies
- Implement Cross-Training for Mission-Critical Activities
- Total Impact of Best Practices on General Accounting Functions
- Summary
-
General Ledger Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for General Ledger Best Practices
- Eliminate Small-Balance Accounts
- Modify Account Code Structure for Storage of ABC Information
- Reduce the Chart of Accounts
- Use Identical Chart of Accounts for Subsidiaries
- Use Data Warehouse for Report Distribution
- Use Forms/Rates Data Warehouse for Automated Tax Filings
- Use the General Ledger as a Data Warehouse
- Restrict Use of Journal Entries
- Avoid General Ledger Posting Bottlenecks
- Have Subsidiaries Update Their Own Data in the Central General Ledger
- Prescreen Construction-in-Progress Entries
- Construct Automated Interfaces to Software That Summarizes into the General Ledger
- Create General Ledger Drill-Down Capability
- Overlay the General Ledger with a Consolidation and Reporting Package
- Use Automated Error-Checking
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the General Ledger Function
- Summary
-
Internal Auditing Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Internal Auditing Best Practices
- Annually Update an Internal Control Assessment of Each Business Unit
- Issue Self-Audit Guides to Business Units
- Recommend Business Process Improvements to Business Units
- Track Audit Results through Business Unit Surveys
- Train Business Unit Staff on Control Issues
- Train New Business Unit Managers on Control Issues
- Avoid Overauditing of Internal Audits
- Complete All Internal Audit Work Papers in the Field
- Create a Control Standards Manual
- Create an On-Line Internal Audit Library
- Create and Disseminate Information from a Best Practices Database
- Outsource the Internal Audit Function
- Schedule Some Internal Audits on a Just-in-Time Basis
- Schedule Internal Audits Based on Risk
- Use Workflow Software for Internal Audits
- Fill Internal Audit Positions from Operations on a Rotating Basis
- Add Specialists to Audit Teams
- Assign an Auditor to Be a Relationship Manager with Each Business Unit
- Assign Internal Auditors to System Development Teams
- Create an Auditor Skills Matrix
- Use Excel for Continuous Auditing
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Internal Auditing Function
- Summary
-
Inventory Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Inventory Best Practices
- Audit Bills of Material
- Conduct a Configuration Audit
- Modify the Bills of Material Based on Actual Scrap Levels
- Review Inventory Returned to the Warehouse
- Modify the Bills of Material for Temporary Substitutions
- Use Bills of Material to Find Inventory Made Obsolete by Product Withdrawals
- Compare Open Purchase Orders to Current Requirements
- Reject Unplanned Receipts
- Obtain Advance Shipping Notices for Inbound Deliveries
- Eliminate the Receiving Function
- Use Standard Containers to Move, Store, and Count Inventory
- Use Different Storage Systems Based on Cubic Transactional Volume
- Optimize Inventory Storage through Periodic Location Changes
- Eliminate the Warehouse
- Audit All Inventory Transactions
- Compare Recorded Inventory Activity to On-Hand Inventories
- Eliminate the Physical Count Process
- Cycle Count Based on Usage Frequency
- Lock Down the Warehouse Area
- Move Inventory to Floor Stock
- Segregate Customer-Owned Inventory
- Streamline the Physical Count Process
- Track Inventory Accuracy
- Train the Warehouse and Accounting Staffs in Inventory Procedures
- Verify That All Receipts Are Entered in the Computer at Once
- Record Inventory Transactions with Bar Codes
- Record Inventory Transactions with Radio Frequency Communications
- Track Inventory with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
- Eliminate All Paper from Inventory Transactions
- Eliminate All Transaction Backlogs
- Immediately Review All Negative Inventory Balances
- Reduce the Number of Products
- Reduce the Number of Product Options
- Obtain Direct Links into Customer Inventory Planning Systems
- Adopt Just-in-Time Purchasing
- Shift Raw Materials Ownership to Suppliers
- Drop Ship Inventory
- Reduce Safety Stocks by Accelerating the Flow of Internal Information
- Reduce Safety Stock by Shrinking Supplier Lead Times
- Use Variable Safety Stocks for Fluctuating Demand
- Cross-Dock Inventory
- Use Overnight Delivery from a Single Location for Selected Items
- Focus Inventory Reduction Efforts on High-Usage Items
- Eliminate Redundant Part Numbers
- Standardize Parts
- Identify Inactive Inventory in the Product Master File
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Inventory Function
- Summary
-
Payroll Best Practices
- Implementation Issues for Payroll Best Practices
- Disallow Prepayments
- Create Employee Self-Service for Payroll Changes
- Minimize Payroll Deductions
- Prohibit Deductions for Employee Purchases
- Post Forms on an Intranet Site
- Avoid Job Costing through the Payroll System
- Switch to Salaried Positions
- Use Computerized Time Clocks
- Use Biometric Time Clocks
- Track Time with Mobile Phones
- Use Honor System to Track Vacation and Sick Time
- Issue Electronic W-2 Forms to Employees
- Outsource W-2 Form Creation and Delivery
- Post Payroll Remittances on Company Intranet
- Only Allow On-Line Payroll Remittance Viewing if Employees Use Direct Deposit
- Transfer Payroll to Debit Cards
- Use Direct Deposit
- Automate Vacation Accruals
- Consolidate Payroll Systems
- Eliminate Personal Leave Days
- Link Payroll Changes to Employee Events
- Install Manager Self-Service
- Link the 401(k) Plan to the Payroll System
- Link the Payroll and Human Resources Databases
- Minimize Payroll Cycles
- Outsource Employment Verifications
- Outsource the Payroll Function
- Use Web-Based Payroll Outsourcing
- Publish Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on an Intranet Site
- Total Impact of Best Practices on the Payroll Function
- Summary
-
Policies in Support of Best Practices
- Accounts Payable Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 3)
- Billing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 4)
- Cash Management Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 6)
- Collection Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 7)
- Commission Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 8)
- Costing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 9)
- Filing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 10)
- Finance Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 11)
- General Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 13)
- Internal Auditing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 15)
- Inventory Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 16)
- Payroll Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 17)
-
Summary of Best Practices
- Chapter 3: Accounts Payable Best Practices
- Chapter 4: Billing Best Practices
- Chapter 5: Budgeting Best Practices
- Chapter 6: Cash Management Best Practices
- Chapter 7: Credit and Collections Best Practices
- Chapter 8: Commissions Best Practices
- Chapter 9: Costing Best Practices
- Chapter 10: Filing Best Practices
- Chapter 11: Finance Best Practices
- Chapter 12: Financial Statements Best Practices
- Chapter 13: General Best Practices
- Chapter 14: General Ledger Best Practices
- Chapter 15: Internal Auditing Best Practices
- Chapter 16: Inventory Best Practices
- Chapter 17: Payroll Best Practices
-
Chapter 18: Policies in Support of Best Practices
- 18–1 Accounts Payable Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 3)
- 18–2 Billing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 4)
- 18–3 Cash Management Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 6)
- 18–4 Collection Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 7)
- 18–5 Commission Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 8)
- 18–6 Costing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 9)
- 18–7 Filing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 10)
- 18–8 Finance Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 11)
- 18–9 General Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 13)
- 18–10 Internal Auditing Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 15)
- 18–11 Inventory Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 16)
- 18–12 Payroll Policies for Best Practices (Chapter 17)
- Supplier Contact Information
Product information
- Title: Accounting Best Practices, Fifth Edition
- Author(s):
- Release date: March 2007
- Publisher(s): Wiley
- ISBN: 9780470081822
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