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balance of its substation region. For example, when outside temperature exceeds
30°C, consumers probably want to turn on air conditioning. A smart concentra-
tor will “serialize” these switching actions to keep the general peak load as low as
possible.
16.2.2.2 Scenario 2: Demand–Response Policies
in Interactions with Energy Market
Motivation: For utilities, the motivation is to provide demand response pro-
grams. For consumers, the motivation is active participation in the energy market.
Suppliers want to reduce supply process risks.
As a result of implementing advanced metering infrastructure with smart
meters owned and controlled by utilities and deployed at residences and sophisti-
cated home automation ...