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10
Human–Machine
Interaction (HMI) in the
Time of Electric Vehicles
Nikolaos Gkikas
Autonomics, UK
Over a century ago in Mannheim, Karl Benz installed a combustion engine to his
infamous tricycle, which is widely accepted as the rst automobile. Whether that
(see Figure10.1) was truly the case or not will always remain open to argument;
what however can hardly be denied is the rapid development of the automobile to
the ubiquitous transport mode and instrument for recreation it is today. In highly
motorized countries such as the US, Japan and in Europe, it is difcult to imagine
life without road vehicles. In other developed countries, more often ...