Battery Management System and its Applications

4 Introduction to Li-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most promising candidate for all available electrical energy storage options. It is an interesting exercise to trace back the research and development phases of Li-ion from the last decade and its technology potential in the future. This chapter will cover the basic history of technology, component structure, popular recipes of electrodes, separators, and electrolytes.

Two basic classifications are Li-ion and Li-metal batteries based on function, usage, and the electrodes used. Li-metal batteries are primary disposable batteries using Li-metal and Li-compounds as electrodes, whereas Li-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries where active Li-ions move between the anode and cathode [1]. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated Li-compound as the electrode material instead of metallic Li.

With increasing demand for a high-energy density, longer life, and lightweight battery, Li-ion becomes the superior solution among existing electrochemical energy storage technologies.

4.1 Components of Li-Ion Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes, Separators, and Cell Packing

Li-ion battery characteristics vary with the combination of electrodes and electrolytes used. The potential market and varied applications have created a large number of opportunities for various electrode combinations. Each pair of electrodes provides diverse capabilities and ensures improvement in existing performances, such as energy and power densities, ...