December 2004
Beginner
600 pages
13h 42m
English
Content preview from Beginning AppleScript®
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B.1. Operators
The following table summarizes the various AppleScript operators. These operators are listed in order of decreasing precedence. Operators grouped together have the same precedence.
| Operator | Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| − | Unary minus | — |
| + | Unary plus | |
| ^ | Exponentiation | Right to left |
| * | Multiplication | Left to right |
| / | Division | |
| div | ||
| Integer division | ||
| mod | Modulus | |
| + | Addition | Left to right |
| − | Subtraction | |
| & | Concatenation | Left to right |
| as | Coercion | Left to right |
| <, ≤ >, ≥ | Relational | — |
| =, ≠ | Equality / Inequality | — |
| not | Logical negation | — |
| and | Logical AND | Left to right |
| or | Logical OR | Left to right |
As an example of how to use the table, consider the expression
b < c + d * e
The multiplication operator has higher precedence than both the addition and less-than operators because it appears above both of these in the table. Similarly, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator because the former appears above the latter in the table. Therefore, this expression is evaluated as
b < (c + (d * e))
Now consider the following expression:
b mod c * d
Because the modulus and multiplication operators appear in the same grouping in the table, they have the same precedence. The associativity property then comes into play. For these operators, the associativ¬ity is listed in the table as left to right, indicating that the expression would be evaluated as
(b mod c) * d
When using the logical and operator, you are guaranteed that the second operand will not be evalu¬ated if the first is false; and in the case of ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.