1THE PROBLEM WITH “HUMAN ERROR”

Disasters in complex systems – such as the destruction of the reactor at Three Mile Island, the explosion onboard Apollo 13, the destruction of the space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, the Bhopal chemical plant disaster, the Herald of Free Enterprise ferry capsizing, the Clapham Junction railroad disaster, the grounding of the tanker Exxon Valdez, crashes of highly computerized aircraft at Bangalore and Strasbourg, the explosion at the Chernobyl reactor, AT&T’s Thomas Street outage, as well as more numerous serious incidents which have only captured localized attention – have left many people perplexed. From a narrow, technology-centered point of view, incidents seem more and more to involve mis-operation of ...

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