July 2019
Intermediate to advanced
480 pages
9h 35m
Chinese
Content preview from 持續交付｜使用Java
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從管道部署與釋出 |
247
一切都從健康檢查開始（與結束）
在持續交付變成標準做法之前，當組織仍然手動將 app 部署到生產環境時，有一種明確
的方式可以在部署之後檢查一切是否正確運作：手動檢查。但是現在，因為一天可能會
發生多次自動部署，而且為了實現橫向擴展，每一個服務都有可能被部署到多個實例，
手動檢查服務是不切實際的做法。
此外，在自動擴展的世界，部署隨時會在我們沒有注意的情況下發生：需求的尖峰期可
能告知協調平台需要額外的資源，平台的回應可能是部署多個特定服務的新副本。此時
手動檢查這些新部署的服務是否正常運作同樣是行不通的。
使用自動化的手段來確定服務都有正確地運行還有一個理由，現代的微服務架構都提供
前所未有的彈性，但你必須管理更多變動元件。因為元件數量增加了，在系統各處發生
故障的機率也隨之增加，最後變成不可避免的情況：硬體故障、通訊連線中斷、核心鎖
死等等，除了它們之外，還有許多其他因素會讓節點失靈，但所有的服務都在那些節點
裡面運行。你可能會隨時失去服務，所以你必須偵測何時發生這種事，並且修復它。
健康檢查的概念就是從這裡產生的。
健康檢查
是服務的專用介面，例如 RESTful API 的
/health
端點，服務會用這種介面來顯示其內部狀態。這個介面被呼叫時，會執行一些快
速的檢查，來確定一切是否正常運作，再提供正面或負面回應。你可以設置協調平台，
要求它定期對著服務的所有實例詢問健康檢查的結果，並採取相應的行動：
• 如果服務回應正面結果，代表實例是健康的。
• 如果服務回應負面結果，代表實例是不健康的。 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.